Publications by authors named "Joel W Hughes"

Telehealth utilization has increased since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, reducing barriers to healthcare and, potentially, reducing participation in group health-promotion interventions. However, preferences for telehealth versus in-person formats have not been established. To examine preferences for telehealth and in-person format for primary care and group health-promotion interventions among Black and White women and men aged 20-39.

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The American Heart Association recently included sleep health as one of eight factors that define cardiovascular health. Restorative sleep is a pillar of lifestyle medicine influenced by sleep duration, quality, and disorders. Short and long sleep duration are associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease.

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Meta-analysis was used to investigate the potential benefits of stress management interventions (SMIs) on vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV) in adults with cardiovascular disease. Electronic bibliographic databases were searched through August 2022. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies assessing effects of SMIs on HRV were included.

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Objective: This study examined the roles of social support and coping self-efficacy (CSE) in attenuating posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among a nonclinical university student sample.

Method: Participants ( = 610; 59% female) completed questionaries assessing psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale) at baseline and 6-month follow-up, and social support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-12), CSE Scale, and PTS symptoms (Impact of Event Scale-Revised) at 6 months. A path analysis was conducted using SPSS Amos to examine the direct and indirect pathways from psychological distress to PTS symptoms that are accounted for by social support and CSE, controlling for gender.

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Background: Post-intensive care syndrome-family (PICS-F) is a constellation of adverse psychological symptoms experienced by family members of critically ill patients during and after acute illness. Cognitive behavioral therapy delivered using smartphone technology is a novel approach for PICS-F symptom self-management.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of smartphone delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing the prevalence and severity of PICS-F symptoms in family members of critically ill patients.

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The Multidimensional Behavioral Health Screen (MBHS) is a brief screening measure of behavioral health symptoms. Although the measure was first developed for primary care, it is likely to have clinical utility in other settings. This study examined the MBHS's factor structure and psychometric properties with a university undergraduate and graduate student sample ( 602, 58.

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Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a guideline-recommended, multidisciplinary program of exercise training, risk factor management, and psychosocial counseling for people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) that is beneficial but underused and with substantial disparities in referral, access, and participation. The emergence of new virtual and remote delivery models has the potential to improve access to and participation in CR and ultimately improve outcomes for people with CVD. Although data suggest that new delivery models for CR have safety and efficacy similar to traditional in-person CR, questions remain regarding which participants are most likely to benefit from these models, how and where such programs should be delivered, and their effect on outcomes in diverse populations.

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Purpose: Many patients exhibit clinically significant depression upon enrollment in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Antidepressants are a first-line treatment option for depression, but the effectiveness of antidepressants in patients with heart disease is mixed. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of antidepressants for depression in patients eligible for CR.

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Objective: Mindfulness stress buffering theory (Creswell & Lindsay, 2014) posits higher dispositional (trait) mindfulness can protect cardiovascular health by buffering physiological stress reactivity - a risk marker for hypertension and cardiac events. Yet, empirical evidence is mixed. This study used baseline data from the Serenity Study - a recently completed, two-site randomized clinical trial - to assess the link between trait mindfulness and cardiovascular stress reactivity in adults with unmedicated prehypertension (n=153, M=50, 47% male, 69% White, 28% African-American).

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively impacted psychological health for many. This study aimed to investigate if distress tolerance, an individual's perceived or actual 'capacity to withstand negative psychological states', helps to explain the relationship between sleep and mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. College students (N = 187) completed questionnaires using an online survey platform between 6 April 2020, and 6 June 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Objectives To assess levels of psychological distress among a group of US undergraduate college students during the initial phases of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. All undergraduates at Kent State University were surveyed in three randomly selected cohorts on March 18, March 25, and April 1, yielding 3924 valid responses for the weighted dataset (73.8% female, 88.

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Psychosocial management is a core component of outpatient Phase-II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and includes psychosocial assessment, providing interventions, measuring outcomes, and care coordination. Psychosocial management contributes to the effectiveness of comprehensive CR, but the implementation is not always consistent or clearly described in the literature, in part due to the availability of behavioral health specialists. Patients in CR have many psychosocial needs including anxiety, depression, substance use disorders, sleep problems, psychosocial stress, and cognitive impairment.

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Background: Family members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at risk for post-intensive care syndrome- family (PICS-F), including symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the first-line nonpharmacologic treatment for many psychological symptoms and has been successfully delivered by use of mobile technology for symptom self-management.

Objectives: To determine the feasibility of delivering cognitive behavioral therapy through a smartphone app to family members of critically ill patients.

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Background: Pandemics can generate considerable distress, which can affect prevention behaviors. Resilience may buffer the negative effects of distress on engagement in relevant prevention behaviors, which may also hold true for COVID-19 prevention behaviors. The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether resilience moderated the relationship between distress and COVID-19 prevention behaviors early in the pandemic.

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Background: Health literacy has predicted mortality in heart failure. However, the role of cognitive functioning in this relationship has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that health literacy would predict all-cause mortality but that cognitive functioning would modify the relationship between health literacy and mortality in heart failure.

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Background: Family members of critically ill patients experience symptoms of postintensive care syndrome-family (PICS-F), including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Postintensive care syndrome-family reduces the quality of life of the families of critically ill patients and may impede the recovery of such patients. Cognitive behavioral therapy has become a first-line nonpharmacological treatment of many psychological symptoms and disorders, including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress.

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Introduction: We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a community health worker (CHW) led smoking cessation intervention, supplemented by text messages, and tailored to an individual's readiness to quit.

Methods: We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial (April 2018-August 2019) in adult smokers residing in a semi-urban region of India. Participants in the intervention arm received CHW-led home visits and had the option of choosing to receive regular text messages.

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Background: Mindfulness interventions have been associated with less global perceived stress as well as attenuated cardiovascular reactivity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether high levels of trait mindfulness would also be associated with these benefits.

Methods: Participants were 99 healthy young adults aged 18-25 years.

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Background: The prevalence and impact of cognitive impairment in heart failure is increasingly recognized. Converging evidence points to global cognitive function as predictive of prognosis in adults with heart failure when assessed with screening tools. Additional work is needed to understand which domains of cognitive function are most relevant for prognosis.

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Background: Living arrangements, social support, and self-efficacy have significant implications for self-management science. Despite the theoretical linkages among the 3 concepts, there is limited empirical evidence about their interplay and the subsequent influence on heart failure (HF) self-management.

Objective: The aim of this study was to validate components of the Individual and Family Self-management Theory among individuals with HF.

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Background: Depression is associated with reduced heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy and cardiac samples, which may be accounted for by physical fitness. In a small sample of cardiac patients, activity and fitness levels attenuated the relationship between HRV and depression. In the current study of heart failure (HF) patients, we hypothesized that depressive symptoms and HRV would be inversely related and physical fitness would attenuate this association.

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Background: Individuals with heart failure (HF) exhibit comorbid impairments in both sleep and cognitive performance. Sleep quality has been associated with impaired cognitive performance in HF patients, but reports are inconsistent. In this study, we examined associations between sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and cognitive function in HF.

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Obesity is a global epidemic, yet successful interventions are rare. Up to 60% of people fail to achieve clinically meaningful, short-term weight loss (5-10% of start weight), whereas up to 72% are unsuccessful at achieving long-term weight loss (5-10% loss for ≥5years). Understanding how biological, cognitive, and self-regulatory factors work together to promote or to impede weight loss is clearly needed to optimize obesity treatment.

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