Non-surgical therapies for Peyronie's disease.

Background: Peyronie's disease is a condition that results in the development of penile plaques that can lead to penile curvature, pain, and erectile dysfunction, making sexual activity difficult. A number of non-surgical interventions exist to improve this condition, which include topical and injection agents as well as mechanical methods; however, their effectiveness remains uncertain. We performed this review to determine the effects of these non-surgical treatments.

Review: Failure of current digoxin monitoring for toxicity: new monitoring recommendations to maintain therapeutic levels for efficacy.

The current recommendations for monitoring digoxin, a narrow therapeutic index drug, are limited to confirming medication use or investigating suspicion of toxicity and fail our oath to do no harm. Numerous meta-analyses evaluating digoxin use consistently recommend frequent monitoring to maintain the level of 0.5 to ≤1.

The Evolution of Retzius-Sparing Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy: An Idea, Development, Evolution, Assessment, and Long-Term Study Perspective.

The Retzius-sparing (RS) approach represents an important surgical innovation in how robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) is performed. The aim of this study was to examine to what extent its development has followed the idea, development, evolution, assessment, and long-term study (IDEAL) recommendations. We conducted a comprehensive literature search for studies up to the 18th of March 2021.

Diagnosing Prostate Cancer: The Role of Intravesical Prostatic Gland Protrusion on Accuracy of Prostate Biopsies.

Purpose: We evaluated the association between intravesical prostate protrusion (IPP) and the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion targeted biopsy (TB).

Materials And Methods: A total of 538 consecutive men who underwent MRI-TRUS fusion TB and concomitant systematic biopsy were evaluated. IPP on MRI was independently measured by 4 blinded reviewers.

Automatic Segmentation of Kidneys and Kidney Tumors: The KiTS19 International Challenge.

Clinicians rely on imaging features to calculate complexity of renal masses based on validated scoring systems. These scoring methods are labor-intensive and are subjected to interobserver variability. Artificial intelligence has been increasingly utilized by the medical community to solve such issues.

Posterior musculofascial reconstruction in robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of clinically localised prostate cancer: a Cochrane Review.

Objectives: To assess the effects of posterior musculofascial reconstruction robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (PR-RALP) compared to no PR during standard RALP (S-RALP) for the treatment of clinically localised prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: We performed a systematic search with no restrictions including randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing variations of PR-RALP vs S-RALP for clinically localised prostate cancer. The quality of evidence was assessed on outcome basis according to Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Posterior musculofascial reconstruction in robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer.

Background: Delayed recovery of urinary continence is a major adverse effect of robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) in men undergoing prostate cancer treatment. To address this issue, a number of surgical techniques have been designed to reconstruct the posterior aspect of the rhabdosphincter, which is responsible for urinary continence after removal of the prostate; however, it is unclear how well they work.  OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of posterior musculofascial reconstruction RALP compared to no posterior reconstruction during RALP for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer.

Impact of protruded median lobe on perioperative, urinary continence and oncological outcomes of Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Background: To investigate the effect of protruded median lobe (PML) on the perioperative, oncological, and urinary continence (UC) outcomes among patients underwent Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RS-RARP).

Methods: 231 consecutive patients who had undergone RS-RARP were collected and analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups based on the PML degree: PML<5 mm (n=99); 5≤ PML <10 mm (n=91); PML ≥10 mm (n=41).

Retzius-sparing versus standard robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer.

Objectives: To assess the effects of Retzius-sparing (RS) robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) compared to standard RALP for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer.

Methods: We performed a systematic search of multiple databases and the grey literature with no restrictions on the language of publication or publication status, up until June 2020. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing RS-RALP with standard RALP.

The state of the art in kidney and kidney tumor segmentation in contrast-enhanced CT imaging: Results of the KiTS19 challenge.

There is a large body of literature linking anatomic and geometric characteristics of kidney tumors to perioperative and oncologic outcomes. Semantic segmentation of these tumors and their host kidneys is a promising tool for quantitatively characterizing these lesions, but its adoption is limited due to the manual effort required to produce high-quality 3D segmentations of these structures. Recently, methods based on deep learning have shown excellent results in automatic 3D segmentation, but they require large datasets for training, and there remains little consensus on which methods perform best.

Retzius-sparing versus standard robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer.

Background: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) is widely used to surgically treat clinically localized prostate cancer. It is typically performed using an approach (standard RALP) that mimics open retropubic prostatectomy by dissecting the so-called space of Retzius anterior to the bladder. An alternative, Retzius-sparing (or posterior approach) RALP (RS-RALP) has been described, which is reported to have better continence outcomes but may be associated with a higher risk of incomplete resection and positive surgical margins (PSM).

Public Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Medicine.

To understand better the public perception and comprehension of medical technology such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic surgery. In addition to this, to identify sensitivity to their use to ensure acceptability and quality of counseling. A survey was conducted on a convenience sample of visitors to the MN Minnesota State Fair ( = 264).

Five New Cases of Primary Renal Carcinoid Tumor: Case Reports and Literature Review.

Carcinoid tumors, a slow-growing NET, most commonly arise in the gastrointestinal tract (73.7%), followed by the bronchopulmonary system (25.1%), and least commonly in the genitourinary system (<1%).

The association of mineral metabolism with vascular access patency.

Background: Declining kidney function leads to progressively dysregulated mineral homeostasis and contributes to vascular calcification and a pro-inflammatory milieu, both of which play a critical role in loss of dialysis vascular access patency. We designed this study to examine the relationship between markers of bone and mineral metabolism, vitamin D replacement medications, and vascular access outcomes. We hypothesized that higher levels of calcium, phosphorous, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and albumin are independently associated with vascular access patency and that vitamin D supplementation is associated with lower risk of access failure.

Prediction of Arteriovenous Fistula Dysfunction: Can it be Taught?

Physical examination (PE) is an excellent means of predicting arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction. Although quick and inexpensive, PE is seldom used as a tool to assess stenosis by general nephrologists, dialysis nurses, and dialysis technicians. Previous studies have demonstrated that PE can be taught to interventional specialists, but the perception remains that it is too complex to be performed by other health care professionals.