The role of DNA nanostructures in the catalytic properties of an allosterically regulated protease.

DNA-scaffolded enzymes typically show altered kinetic properties; however, the mechanism behind this phenomenon is still poorly understood. We address this question using thrombin, a model of allosterically regulated serine proteases, encaged into DNA origami cavities with distinct structural and electrostatic features. We compare the hydrolysis of substrates that differ only in their net charge due to a terminal residue far from the cleavage site and presumably involved in the allosteric activation of thrombin.

Optical coherence tomography characteristics of taxane-induced macular edema and other multimodal imaging findings.

Purpose: To identify common optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics of taxane-related CME (T-CME) to differentiate it from CME associated with other causes (O-CME) and to present multimodal imaging findings of T-CME.

Methods: To differentiate T-CME from O-CME, pooled SD-OCT images from 14 previous publications and images obtained from our multicenter case series of 3 patients with multimodal imaging of T-CME were compared with 16 consecutive cases of O-CME. Images were graded by 2 masked retinal specialists based on the presence of pre-specified OCT characteristics such as CME centered around fovea, outer retinal cysts more prominent compared with inner retinal cysts, continuous outer plexiform layer (OPL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL), intact outer retina layer, attenuation of outer retina layers by overlying retinal layers, and the presence of subretinal fluid.