Background: Previous research has suggested that spatiotemporal step parameters differ between settings; however, it remains unclear how different settings influence walking balance control.
Research Question: How do settings and sex influence walking balance control during walking at different speeds for young adults?
Methods: Forty-two adults (21 male (23 ± 4 years), 21 female (24 ± 5 years)) completed overground walking trials in four settings: laboratory (10 m), hallway, indoor open, and outdoor pathway (all 20 m) at three self-selected speeds (slow, preferred, fast) following verbal instructions. Participants wore 17 inertial sensors (Xsens Awinda, Movella, Henderson, NV) to capture total body kinematics.
Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience an increased risk of fracture, which may be related to altered bone development. We aimed to assess differences in bone, muscle and physical activity (PA), and explore if better muscle and PA measures would mitigate bone differences between children and adolescents with T1D and typically developing peers (TDP). We matched 56 children and adolescents with T1D (mean age 11.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Sports Act Living
March 2024
Background: Understanding the factors that influence walking is important as quantitative walking assessments have potential to inform health risk assessments. Wearable technology innovation has enabled quantitative walking assessments to be conducted in different settings. Understanding how different settings influence quantitative walking performance is required to better utilize the health-related potential of quantitative walking assessments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact
March 2024
Objectives: To determine precision errors and monitoring time intervals in imaged muscle properties and neuromuscular performance, and to explore growth-related factors associated with precision errors in children.
Methods: We included 35 children (mean age 10.5yrs) in the precision study cohort and 40 children (10.
Background: Although the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the major contact point between the reins in the riders' hand, the bit in the mouth, and the rest of the horse under saddle, the role of inflammation of this joint on equine locomotion and rein tension is unknown.
Objective: To determine the effect of acute TMJ inflammation on rein-tension and horse movement when horses were long-reined on a treadmill.
Study Design: A randomized, controlled, cross-over design.
Perceptions that women are in greater need of fall prevention might impact their participation in programs. This study aimed to understand gender differences in motivating factors and experiences in a fall prevention program. Thirty-four adults (18 men and 16 women) aged 60 years or older participated in focus groups after 12 weeks of fall prevention exercises and education.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAge-related declines in upper extremity muscle strength may affect an older adult's ability to land and control a simulated forward fall impact. The role of individual upper extremity joints during a forward fall impact has not been examined. The purpose was to evaluate the age differences in upper extremity joint moment contributions during a simulated forward fall and upper extremity muscle strength in older women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAthletes regularly face the possibility of failing to meet expectations in training and competition, and it is essential that they are equipped with strategies to facilitate coping after receiving performance feedback. Self-compassion is a potential resource to help athletes manage the various setbacks that arise in sport over and above other psychological resources. The primary purpose of this research was to explore how athletes respond to objective biomechanical feedback given after a performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Exercise can decrease fall risk in older adults but less is known about training to reduce injury risk in the event a fall is unavoidable. The purpose of this study was to compare standard fall prevention exercises to novel Fall Arrest Strategy Training (); exercises designed to improve upper body capacity to reduce fall-injury risk in older women.
Method: Forty women (mean age 74.
The attentional capacity required of haptic modalities while obstacle crossing may limit their effectiveness. Therefore, this study examined the attentional demands of haptic modalities during obstacle crossing. Nineteen healthy young adults walked across a 10 m laboratory floor within two modality blocks using either: 1) light touch on a railing, or 2) pulling haptic anchors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Reaction time to initiate upper limb movement and movement time to place hands on the landing surface may be important factors in forward fall landing and impact, contributing to injury reduction. The aim was to investigate the relationship of physical function and upper body strength to upper limb reaction and movement time in older female participants.
Methods: 75 female participants (72 ± 8 yrs) performed 5 arm response trials.
Objective: To determine whether performance on measures of lower extremity muscle strength, sensory function, postural control, gait speed, and balance self-efficacy could distinguish fallers from nonfallers among ambulatory individuals with spinal cord injury or disease (SCI/D).
Design: Prospective cohort study.
Setting: Community.
Background: Up to 83 % of individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) experience ≥ 1 fall/year. Individuals with iSCI employ more cautious walking strategies than able-bodied (AB) individuals during normal walking. Whether individuals with iSCI can use proactive balance strategies to adapt to expected slip perturbations/reduce slip severity while walking has not been previously assessed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate test-retest reliability, agreement, and convergent validity of the Lean-and-Release test for the assessment of reactive stepping among individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury or disease (iSCI/D).
Design: Multi-center cross-sectional multiple test design.
Setting: SCI/D rehabilitation hospital and biomechanics laboratory.
Although manual restraint for small animal diagnostic radiography is common, worker protection is often not optimized, particularly for hands and eyes. Radiation safety training videos generally include hours of material on content other than personal protective equipment (PPE), have limited content, if any, on reducing dose to the lens of the eye, and are presented at the level of veterinary professionals. The objectives of this prospective, observational study were to develop a short, open access video training intervention at the layperson level, focused on proper use of PPE, and to test the effectiveness of the training video in changing behavior of workers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Frequent falls while walking among individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury may suggest impairments in reactive balance control; however, reactive balance control during walking has not been studied in this population. The objective was to compare reactive balance control with respect to changes in margin of stability, onset of arm and heel responses, and onset and magnitude of muscle activity following an unexpected slip perturbation in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury and able-bodied individuals.
Methods: Kinematic and electromyography data were obtained during normal walking and one unexpected slip.
Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of adding haptic input during walking in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI).
Setting: Research laboratory.
Methods: Participants with iSCI and age- and sex-matched able-bodied (AB) individuals walked normally (SCI n = 18, AB n = 17) and in tandem (SCI n = 12, AB n = 17).
Purpose: For children with cerebral palsy (CP) and equinus, the conventional practice of setting the ankle angle in an ankle-foot orthosis (AA-AFO) at 90∘ may not adequately accommodate gastrocnemius length/stiffness. Therefore, this study compared the effects of statically-optimized solid AFOs with individualized AA-AFOs (iAA-AFOs) and conventionally-prescribed AFOs on gait for children with CP and equinus.
Methods: Ten children with CP and equinus (15 limbs with AFOs), and 15 typically-developing (TD) children participated.
Adding haptic input may improve balance control and help prevent falls in older adults. This study examined the effects of added haptic input via light touch on a railing while walking. Participants (N = 53, 75.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study examined the effect of descriptive norm messaging information on the relationship between haptic input and balance control. Participants were randomly assigned to either a message group where they balanced with haptic input after receiving a descriptive norm message about the positive effect of haptic input or a control group. Findings from an analysis of covariance revealed a significant difference between the two groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Adding haptic input by lightly touching a railing or using haptic anchors may improve walking balance control. Typical use of the railing(s) and haptic anchors requires the use of one and two arms in an extended position, respectively. It is unclear whether it is arm configuration and/or the number of arms used or the addition of sensory input that affects walking balance control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy Design: A prospective, observational study.
Objectives: To assess the attentional demands of using haptic modalities during walking using a multi-task paradigm in young, healthy adults.
Setting: Biomechanics of Balance and Movement (BBAM) Lab, University of Saskatchewan.
The objective of this study was to validate a single-spring model in predicting measured impact forces during an outstretched arm falling scenario. Using an integrated force plate, impact forces were assessed from 10 young adults (5 males; 5 females), falling from planted knees onto outstretched arms, from a random order of drop heights: 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm. A single-spring model incorporating body mass, drop height plus the estimated linear stiffness of the upper extremity (hand, wrist and arm) was used to predict impact force on the hand.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical differences between two set up variations during the isometric initiation of conventional barbell deadlifts (DL): Close-bar DL (CBDL), where the bar is positioned above the navicular, and far-bar DL (FBDL), where the bar is placed above the 3rd metatarsophalangeal joint. A cross-sectional, randomized, within-participant pilot study was used. Experienced powerlifters and weightlifters ( = 10) performed three individual isometric pulls of the initiation of both conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Ambulatory individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) experience frequent falls suggesting impairments in their balance control. Individuals with iSCI are more stable during normal walking as compared to able-bodied (AB) individuals; however, it is not known whether this increased stability helps prevent hazardous slips.
Objective: To compare walking stability during normal walking between iSCI and AB individuals, and to study the association between stability during normal walking and the intensity of an unexpected slip perturbation.