Airborne Lidar Measurements of XCO in Synoptically Active Environment and Associated Comparisons With Numerical Simulations.

Frontal boundaries have been shown to cause large changes in CO mole-fractions, but clouds and the complex vertical structure of fronts make these gradients difficult to observe. It remains unclear how the column average CO dry air mole-fraction (XCO) changes spatially across fronts, and how well airborne lidar observations, data assimilation systems, and numerical models without assimilation capture XCO frontal contrasts (ΔXCO i.e.

Association of distal hyperintense vessel sign and recurrent stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis.

Objective: The distal hyperintense vessel sign (DHV) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance image (MRI) is an imaging biomarker of slow leptomeningeal collateral flow in the presence of large artery stenosis or occlusion reflecting impaired cerebral hemodynamics. In this study, we aim to investigate the significance of the DHV sign in patients with symptomatic ≥ 70% intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack admitted to a single center from January 2010 to December 2017.

Professional Pitchers Display Differences in UCL Morphology and Elbow Gapping During Moving Valgus Stress Testing After UCL Reconstruction.

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction (UCLR) of the elbow has received much attention given the rise in incidence among baseball pitchers. Stress ultrasonography has been demonstrated to be a critical evaluation tool of the UCL. No study has dynamically evaluated the ability of UCLR to restore normal kinematics.

Biomechanical evaluation of an intramedullary clavicle screw in simple oblique and butterfly wedge fractures.

This biomechanical study evaluates the performance of a solid titanium-alloy intra-medullary () clavicular screw in torsion and cantilever bending in cadaveric clavicle specimens with simulated simple oblique and butterfly wedge midshaft fractures. Thirty-two fresh-frozen male clavicles were sorted into six experimental groups: Torsion Control, Torsion Simple Oblique Fracture, Torsion Butterfly Wedge Fracture, Bending Control, Bending Simple Oblique Fracture, and Bending Butterfly Wedge Fracture. The experimental groups were controlled for density, length, diameter, and laterality.

Management of Three- and Four-Part Proximal Humerus Fractures.

The management of three- and four-part proximal humerus fractures remains controversial because the literature has supported all forms of management, including nonsurgical management, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and shoulder arthroplasty. Specific patient factors ultimately influence the decision of which treatment best fits the patient and the fracture. Surgeons should understand the rationale for nonsurgical and surgical management of these fractures, including ORIF and reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Geographic variation in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture: an update on surgery rates and treatment consensus.

Background: Using a larger, more comprehensive sample, and inclusion of the reverse shoulder arthroplasty as a primary surgical approach for proximal humerus fracture, we report on geographic variation in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture in 2011 and comment on whether treatment consensus is being reached.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of Medicare patients with an x-ray-confirmed diagnosis of proximal humerus fracture in 2011. Patients receiving reverse shoulder arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or open reduction internal fixation within 60 days of their diagnosis were classified as surgical management patients.

Is There a Preoperative Morphine Equianalgesic Dose that Predicts Ability to Achieve a Clinically Meaningful Improvement Following Spine Surgery?

Background: Preoperative opioid use is widespread and associated with worse patient-reported outcomes following spine surgery.

Objective: To calculate a threshold preoperative morphine equianalgesic (MEA) dose beyond which patients are less likely to achieve the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) following elective surgery for degenerative spine disease.

Methods: The study included 543 cervical and 1293 lumbar patients.

Proceedings of the 15th Annual UT-KBRIN Bioinformatics Summit 2016 : Cadiz, KY, USA. 8-10 April 2016.

I1 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual UT- KBRIN Bioinformatics Summit 2016 Eric C. Rouchka, Julia H. Chariker, Benjamin J.

Atmospheric CO(2) column measurements in cloudy conditions using intensity-modulated continuous-wave lidar at 1.57 micron.

This study evaluates the capability of atmospheric CO column measurements under cloudy conditions using an airborne intensity-modulated continuous-wave integrated-path-differential-absorption lidar operating in the 1.57-μm CO absorption band. The atmospheric CO column amounts from the aircraft to the tops of optically thick cumulus clouds and to the surface in the presence of optically thin clouds are retrieved from lidar data obtained during the summer 2011 and spring 2013 flight campaigns, respectively.

Binary phase shift keying on orthogonal carriers for multi-channel CO2 absorption measurements in the presence of thin clouds.

A new modulation technique for Continuous Wave (CW) Lidar is presented based on Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) using orthogonal carriers closely spaced in frequency, modulated by Maximum Length (ML) sequences, which have a theoretical autocorrelation function with no sidelobes. This makes it possible to conduct multi-channel atmospheric differential absorption measurements in the presence of thin clouds without the need for further processing to remove errors caused by sidelobe interference while sharing the same modulation bandwidth. Flight tests were performed and data were collected using both BPSK and linear swept frequency modulation.

Super-resolution technique for CW lidar using Fourier transform reordering and Richardson-Lucy deconvolution.

An interpolation method is described for range measurements of high precision altimetry with repeating intensity modulated continuous wave (IM-CW) lidar waveforms using binary phase shift keying (BPSK), where the range profile is determined by means of a cross-correlation between the digital form of the transmitted signal and the digitized return signal collected by the lidar receiver. This method uses reordering of the array elements in the frequency domain to convert a repeating synthetic pulse signal to single highly interpolated pulse. This is then enhanced further using Richardson-Lucy deconvolution to greatly enhance the resolution of the pulse.

High-resolution CW lidar altimetry using repeating intensity-modulated waveforms and Fourier transform reordering.

An interpolation method is described for range measurements of high precision and altimetry using repeating intensity-modulated continuous wave (IM-CW) lidar waveforms, where the range is determined by means of a cross-correlation between the digital form of the transmitted signal and the digitized return signal collected by the lidar receiver. This method uses reordering of the array elements in the frequency domain to convert a repeating synthetic pulse signal to single highly interpolated pulse. The computation of this processing is marginally greater than the correlation itself, as it only involves reordering of the correlation in the frequency domain, which makes it possible to implement this in a real time application.

Advanced sine wave modulation of continuous wave laser system for atmospheric CO(2) differential absorption measurements.

In this theoretical study, modulation techniques are developed to support the Active Sensing of CO Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) mission. A continuous wave (CW) lidar system using sine waves modulated by maximum length (ML) pseudo-noise (PN) codes is described for making simultaneous online/offline differential absorption measurements. Amplitude and phase-shift keying (PSK) modulated intensity modulation (IM) carriers, in addition to a hybrid-pulse technique are investigated, which exhibit optimal autocorrelation properties.

Salvage of contaminated osteochondral allografts: the effects of chlorhexidine on human articular chondrocyte viability.

Background: Because chondrocyte viability is imperative for successful osteochondral allograft transplantation, sterilization techniques must provide antimicrobial effects with minimal cartilage toxicity. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) is an effective disinfectant; however, its use with human articular cartilage requires further investigation.

Purpose: To determine the maximal chlorhexidine concentration that does not affect chondrocyte viability in allografts and to determine whether this concentration effectively sterilizes contaminated osteoarticular grafts.

Nonlinear swept frequency technique for CO2 measurements using a CW laser system.

A system using a nonlinear multiswept sine wave is described, which employs multichannel multiswept orthogonal waves, to separate channels and make multiple, simultaneous online/offline CO(2) measurements. An analytic expression and systematic method for determining the orthogonal frequencies for the unswept, linear swept, and nonlinear swept cases is presented. It is shown that one may reduce sidelobes of the autocorrelation function while preserving cross channel orthogonality, for thin cloud rejection.

Endostatin binds nerve growth factor and thereby inhibits neurite outgrowth and neuronal migration in-vitro.

Endostatin (ES), the C-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII known for its anti-angiogenic properties, is associated with neurological diseases in mammals. In this study, we investigated the effect of ES on nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neuronal differentiation, migration, neuritogenesis, and neurite extension. ES partially inhibited PC12 cell differentiation and cerebellar granule cell migration.

Synthetic quadrature phase detector/demodulator for Fourier transform spectrometers.

A method is developed to demodulate (velocity correct) Fourier transform spectrometer data that are taken with an analog to digital converter that digitizes equally spaced in time. This method makes it possible to use simple low-cost, high-resolution audio digitizers to record high-quality data without the need for an event timer or quadrature laser hardware and makes it possible to use a metrology laser of any wavelength. The reduced parts count and simple implementation make it an attractive alternative in space-based applications when compared to previous methods such as the Brault algorithm.

Association of TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms with reduced acute insulin response in Hispanic Americans.

Context: Genetic variation at the transcription factor 7-like 2 locus has been linked to type 2 diabetes in predominantly European-derived populations. The biological basis of these associations remains to be determined.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate previously associated variants for association with measures of glucose homeostasis in Hispanic-Americans and African-Americans and determine the biological mechanism(s) through which these variants exert their effect.

The SMM model as a boundary value problem using the discrete diffusion equation.

A generalized single-step stepwise mutation model (SMM) is developed that takes into account an arbitrary initial state to a certain partial difference equation. This is solved in both the approximate continuum limit and the more exact discrete form. A time evolution model is developed for Y DNA or mtDNA that takes into account the reflective boundary modeling minimum microsatellite length and the original difference equation.

Association of the estrogen receptor-alpha gene with the metabolic syndrome and its component traits in African-American families: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study.

Objective: We previously detected an association between a region of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1) gene and type 2 diabetes in an African-American case-control study; thus, we investigated this region for associations with the metabolic syndrome and its component traits in African-American families from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a contiguous 41-kb intron 1-intron 2 region of the ESR1 gene were genotyped in 548 individuals from 42 African-American pedigrees. Generalized estimating equations were computed using a sandwich estimator of the variance and exchangeable correlation to account for familial correlation.

Genetic mapping of disposition index and acute insulin response loci on chromosome 11q. The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Family Study.

Glucose homeostasis, a defining characteristic of physiological glucose metabolism, is the result of complex feedback relationships with both genetic and environmental determinants that influence insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. Relatively little is known about the genetic basis of glucose homeostasis phenotypes or their relationship to risk of diabetes. Our group previously published a genome scan for glucose homeostasis traits in 284 African-American subjects from 21 pedigrees in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study Family Study (IRASFS) and presented evidence for linkage to disposition index (DI) on chromosome 11q with a logarithm of odds (LOD) of 3.

Association of protein tyrosine phosphatase-N1 polymorphisms with coronary calcified plaque in the Diabetes Heart Study.

Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and display increased levels of subclinical CVD. Genetic variation in PTPN1, a diabetes susceptibility gene, was investigated for a role in diabetic atherosclerosis. The PTPN1 gene encodes protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B, which is ubiquitously expressed and plays a role in the regulation of several signaling pathways.

An exploration of sex-specific linkage disequilibrium on chromosome X in Caucasians from the COGA study.

This paper explores the decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD) on the autosomes and chromosome X. The extent of marker-marker LD is important for both linkage and association studies. The analysis of the Caucasian sample from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism study revealed the expected negative relationship between the magnitude of the marker-marker LD and distance (cM), with the male and female subgroups exhibiting similar patterns of LD.

Genetic analysis of adiponectin and obesity in Hispanic families: the IRAS Family Study.

Adiponectin, coded for by the APM1 gene, is a novel adipocyte-derived hormone implicated in energy homeostasis and obesity. Several genetic studies have observed evidence of association between APM1 gene polymorphisms and features of the metabolic syndrome, such as insulin resistance and obesity. As part of a comprehensive genetic analysis of the APM1 gene, we have screened 96 unrelated individuals for polymorphisms in the promoter, coding regions, and 3'untranslated region (UTR).

Association of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B gene polymorphisms with measures of glucose homeostasis in Hispanic Americans: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study (IRAS) family study.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B, encoded by the PTPN1 gene, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of proteins at tyrosyl residues. PTP-1B has been implicated in negatively regulating insulin signaling by dephosphorylating the phosphotyrosine residues of the insulin receptor. The genetic contribution of PTPN1 to measures of glucose homeostasis has been assessed in 811 Hispanic subjects from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study Family Study (IRASFS).