Amputation Triggers Long-Range Epidermal Permeability Changes in Evolutionarily Distant Regenerative Organisms.

Previous studies have reported that amputation invokes body-wide responses in regenerative organisms, but most have not examined the implications of these changes beyond the region of tissue regrowth. Specifically, long-range epidermal responses to amputation are largely uncharacterized, with research on amputation-induced epidermal responses in regenerative organisms traditionally being restricted to the wound site. Here, we investigate the effect of amputation on long-range epidermal permeability in two evolutionarily distant, regenerative organisms: axolotls and planarians.

The link between working memory and fluid intelligence is dependent on flexible bindings, not systematic access or passive retention.

Rather than working memory capacity acting as a distinct subordinate function of fluid intelligence, there is an emerging consensus that their relationship can be understood as an outcome of common functions dictated by the strength and flexibility of bindings which integrate representations relationally. The current study considers the Arithmetic Chain Task (Oberauer, Demmrich, Mayr, & Kliegl, 2001) which contrasts access (integrating previously stored information for use in the arithmetic processing) against mere retention (holding previously stored information for recall after the arithmetic processing). Participants (n = 122) completed the Arithmetic Chain Task (ACT) with a novel manipulation that split the access condition into fixed-order vs.

Validating the relation-monitoring task as a measure of relational integration and predictor of fluid intelligence.

The relation-monitoring task (RMT) has demonstrated a remarkable ability to predict higher-order cognitive abilities such as fluid intelligence, despite its apparent simplicity: It requires no storage over time and no advanced mental manipulation. Instead, the task is theorized to measure relational integration: the process of constructing mental relations between independent elements. Although several studies have established a link between the RMT and fluid intelligence, few studies have investigated the task parameters that contribute to the task's ability to predict higher-order performance.

Correction: Relational encoding of objects in working memory: Changes detection performance is better for violations in group relations.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Relational encoding of objects in working memory: Change detection performance is better for violations in group relations.

Research has indicated that working memory is based on forming relations between individual elements. In this study, we considered the congruency of object clusters during a change detection task. We demonstrate that changes which violate the relational encoding of a probe display (single-object changes where one object shifts independently from its corresponding group) are more easily detected than changes that maintain group structure (cluster changes where all objects in the group shift in location together)-despite cluster changes involving more objects moving overall.

Toward Precision Medicine for Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

The genetic complexity, clinical variability, and inaccessibility of affected tissue in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders have largely prevented the development of effective disease-modifying therapeutics. A precision medicine approach that integrates genomics, deep clinical phenotyping, and patient stem cell models may facilitate identification of underlying biological drivers and targeted drug development.

Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Computerized Cognitive Training on Executive Functions: a Cross-Disciplinary Taxonomy for Classifying Outcome Cognitive Factors.

The growing prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders associated with aging and cognitive decline has generated increasing cross-disciplinary interest in non-pharmacological interventions, such as computerized cognitive training (CCT), which may prevent or slow cognitive decline. However, inconsistent findings across meta-analytic reviews in the field suggest a lack of cross-disciplinary consensus and on-going debate regarding the benefits of CCT. We posit that a contributing factor is the lack of a theoretically-based taxonomy of constructs and representative tasks typically used.

Systemic cell cycle activation is induced following complex tissue injury in axolotl.

Activation of progenitor cells is crucial to promote tissue repair following injury in adult animals. In the context of successful limb regeneration following amputation, progenitor cells residing within the stump must re-enter the cell cycle to promote regrowth of the missing limb. We demonstrate that in axolotls, amputation is sufficient to induce cell-cycle activation in both the amputated limb and the intact, uninjured contralateral limb.

A Tissue-Mapped Axolotl De Novo Transcriptome Enables Identification of Limb Regeneration Factors.

Mammals have extremely limited regenerative capabilities; however, axolotls are profoundly regenerative and can replace entire limbs. The mechanisms underlying limb regeneration remain poorly understood, partly because the enormous and incompletely sequenced genomes of axolotls have hindered the study of genes facilitating regeneration. We assembled and annotated a de novo transcriptome using RNA-sequencing profiles for a broad spectrum of tissues that is estimated to have near-complete sequence information for 88% of axolotl genes.

The effectiveness of family-based treatment for full and partial adolescent anorexia nervosa in an independent private practice setting: Clinical outcomes.

Objective: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric illness with little evidence supporting treatment in adults. Among adolescents with AN, family-based treatment (FBT) is considered first-line outpatient approach, with a growing evidence base. However, research on FBT has stemmed from specialist services in research/public health settings.