Frequency of Acentric Fragments Are Associated with Cancer Risk in Subjects Exposed to Ionizing Radiation.

Background/aim: Biomonitoring is currently applied in the estimation of health risks after overexposure to ionizing radiation (IR). The aim of this study was to compare the association of dicentric chromosomes and acentric fragments (AF) with cancer risk in subjects exposed to IR, as well as in control subjects.

Materials And Methods: The study was performed on 3,574 subjects (2,030 subjects exposed to IR and 1,544 control subjects).

Effect of occupational exposure to multiple pesticides on translocation yield and chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of plant workers.

Employees handling pesticides are simultaneously exposed to different active substances. Occurring multiple chemical exposures may pose a higher risk than it could be deduced from studies evaluating the effect of a single substance. This study comprised 32 pesticide plantworkers exposed to carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl, and dodine and an equal number of control subjects.

Spontaneous abortions in female populations occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation.

Objective: Exposure to radioisotopes of metals and halogen elements occurring in medical practice may cause spontaneous abortions. The potential role of occupational exposure to X-rays and internal radioisotopes on pregnancy outcome in childbearing age women employed in hospital departments were analyzed in order to estimate miscarriage risk.

Methods: Over a period of 16 years, the occurrence of miscarriages in 61 women exposed to radioisotopes was compared to that reported in 170 X-ray exposed women.

Stable and unstable chromosome aberrations measured after occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and ultrasound.

Aim: To evaluate chromosome aberration and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assays as a method to estimate of health risk, we monitored 9 male subjects occupationally exposed to low doses of both ionizing radiation and ultrasound during a period of over 3 years.

Methods: Sampling was performed at 6-month intervals during a three-year period. First we used conventional chromosomal aberrations analysis.

An efficient chemical method to generate repetitive sequences depleted DNA probes.

We describe an efficient method to remove repetitive sequences from DNA of microdissected whole chromosomes, chromosome arms, locus specific probes, and specific bands. The chemical approach described removes human repetitive DNA sequences from a source DNA, eliminating the need for blocking such sequences when the source DNA used as a probe is hybridized with a target DNA. It employs subtracting hybridized biotin-labeled repetitive-sequence DNA complex with phenol and chloroform after incubation of hybridized products with avidin.

Distinct profiles of critically short telomeres are a key determinant of different chromosome aberrations in immortalized human cells: whole-genome evidence from multiple cell lines.

Chromosomal aberrations are common in cancers. However, the search for chromosomal aberrations leading to development of specific solid tumors has been severely hindered because the majority of solid tumors have complex chromosomal aberrations that differ within the same tumor types. A similar phenomenon exists in immortalized cell lines.

Role of short telomeres in inducing preferential chromosomal aberrations in human ovarian surface epithelial cells: A combined telomere quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization and whole-chromosome painting study.

It is well established that specific cancers and immortalized cells have nonrandom chromosome aberrations. However, little is understood about the underlying mechanism that initiates these aberrations in human cells. To examine whether human chromosomes with the shortest telomeres initiate the preferential chromosomal aberrations before cellular immortalization, we simultaneously applied telomere quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization and specific whole-chromosome painting on chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 17, 19, and 20 in human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE 6-3) cells expressing human papilloma viral oncogenes (HPV16 E6E7).

A new method for improving metaphase chromosome spreading.

Background: The success of complex molecular cytogenetic studies depends on having properly spread chromosomes. However, inconsistency of optimum chromosome spreading remains a major problem in cytogenetic studies.

Methods: The metaphase spreading process was carefully timed to identify the most critical phase of chromosome spreading.