Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase deficiency: Case report and brief review of the literature.

Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a decrease in creatine synthesis, resulting in cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome (CCDS). GAMT deficiency is caused by mutations in the GAMT gene located on chromosome 19, which impairs the conversion of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) to creatine. The resulting accumulation of the toxic metabolite GAA and the lack of creatine lead to various symptoms, including global developmental delays, behavioral issues, and epilepsy.

Facial nerve schwannoma: Case report and brief review of the literature.

Schwannomas are rare nerve sheath tumors that can occur throughout the body, and are symptomatic based on location, size, and impingement on adjacent structures. These tumors are often benign lesions and occur sporadically or from genetic conditions such as neurofibromatosis. Schwannomas may arise from peripheral nerves, gastrointestinal nerves, spinal nerve roots and cranial nerves.

F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography ( F-FDG-PET/CT) versus Ga-DOTATATE-PET/CT in patients with head and neck cancer: Comparisons and implications for treatment.

Background: Tumor-specific molecular imaging in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is not well established. Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are found in solid tumors, including HNSCC. Ga-DOTATATE, a commercially available radionuclide that binds SSTRs, may have utility in imaging HNSCC.

Lingual Thyroid: Case report and brief review of the literature.

Lingual thyroid is by far the most common presentation of ectopic thyroid. Though mostly asymptomatic it is associated with congenital hypothyroidism and importantly, absence of orthotopic thyroid making it the only functional thyroid tissue a patient has in many cases. It appears indistinguishable to orthotopic thyroid tissue on imaging, with avid homogeneous enhancement on contrast computed tomography.

Relevance of Medullary Vein Sign in Neurosarcoidosis.

Background: Central nervous system involvement is uncommon in patients with sarcoidosis. It remains a diagnostic challenge for clinicians, as there is a broad differential diagnosis that matches the presenting neurological signs. Often, the imaging findings also overlap with other disease entities.

Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with COVID-19: A case series and review.

Background: Over the past two years, SARS-CoV-2 has frequently been documented with various post and para-infectious complications, including cerebrovascular, neuromuscular, and some demyelinating conditions such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). We report two rare neurological manifestations post-COVID-19 infection; multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Further, we reviewed other CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with SARS-CoV-2, including optic neuritis (ON) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD).

Neuroimaging and CSF Findings in Patients with Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Report of Eight Cases in a Single Academic Center.

Autoimmune Encephalitis (AIE) is a rare and complex group of disorders wherein the body's immune system attacks and causes inflammatory changes in the central nervous system (CNS). It presents with altered mental status and a diverse range of typical and atypical symptoms and neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings. The objective of this article is to highlight the importance of early identification of neurological symptoms, prompt diagnosis with neuroimaging and CSF findings, and timely management for early and complete resolution of the disease and long-term benefits.

Critical medical ecology and intersectionality perspectives in schistosomiasis prevention and control in selected communities in Mindanao, the Philippines.

remains a public health concern in many areas of the Philippines. Periodic Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to at-risk populations is the main strategy for morbidity control of schistosomiasis. Attaining MDA coverage targets is important for the reduction of morbidity and prevention of complications due to the disease, and towards achieving Universal Health Care.

A randomised double-blind trial of minimal bolus doses of oxytocin for elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia: Optimal or not?

Background: Oxytocin administration regimens are arbitrary and highly subjective. Hence, it is essential to reinvestigate the appropriate dose for effective uterine contraction with minimal bleeding and adverse effects.

Aim: To determine the optimal dose of bolus oxytocin for uterine contractions for elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.

Oral health care system analysis: A case study from India.

Objectives: The health system of Kerala, India has won many accolades in having health indicators comparable to developed countries. But oral health has not received its due importance at the policy level. With the burden of oral diseases on the rise in the state, a critical introspection of the existing system is warranted.

The Ominous beginning" Perceptions of Smokeless Tobacco Initiation among the Paniya Tribes of Wayanad: A qualitative Study.

Background: The prevalence of tobacco chewing, and related oral mucosal lesions is alarmingly high amongst the Paniya tribes of Wayanad. A deeper understanding of their socio-cultural factors, beliefs, attitudes and behaviours would shed greater insights into the indiscriminate use of smokeless tobacco and related products in this community.

Methods: Ethnography was the theoretical framework adopted with network and convenience sampling.

Effectiveness of a curriculum-based educational intervention on oral health behavior and dental caries experience among Indian schoolchildren.

Background: The high incidence of dental diseases among Indian children can be attributed to low awareness regarding the oral health maintenance. The school health curriculum in India is deficient of an oral health component, and there are no organized oral health programs for schoolchildren existing at present. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of an oral health curriculum in improving the oral health behavior and dental caries experience in schoolchildren.

Acquired factor VIII deficiency in prostate adenocarcinoma presenting as multiple hematomas and hemarthrosis.

Acquired hemophilia A or acquired factor VIII deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder due to the presence of autoantibodies to factor VIII. It has been associated with autoimmune conditions, certain medications, and malignancy. It has a high morbidity and mortality, and early diagnosis and treatment is critically important.

Comparison of modified Bass, Fones and normal tooth brushing technique for the efficacy of plaque control in young adults- A randomized clinical trial.

Background: To compare the anti plaque efficacy of Modified Bass, Fones and Normal brushing techniques in young adults.

Material And Methods: An investigator blinded randomized controlled trial with parallel design was adopted to compare the anti plaque efficacy of three tooth brushing techniques. The study population consisted of 120 dental students aged between 18 and 30 years.

Health Promoting Schools in Kerala, India.

Introduction: Health promoting school (HPS) is a holistic concept where health and learning coexist. The objective of this study was to assess the health promoting standards of schools in Kerala.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was designed in Kerala, India, with schools in Kerala as a study unit.

Intergenerational Transfer of Tobacco Use Behaviour from Parent to Child: A Case Control Study.

Background: Parental influence may be a strong modifiable risk factor in the initiation of Tobacco habits among young adults. Parenting style may modify the risk of initiation of Tobacco use.

Objective: To examine the intergenerational transfer of Tobacco habits amongst the urban and tribal populations in Kerala.

Comparison of Plaque Removal Efficacy of Tooth Powder and Toothpaste in Young Adults in India: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: A clinical equipoise exists between the plaque reducing efficacies of two of the most commonly used dentifrices in India. This study compared the plaque removal efficacy of a commercially available tooth powder with commercially available toothpaste in young adults.

Methods: This was an investigator-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial with crossover design conducted among 89 young adults aged 18 to 25 years.

Arch Expansion Efficiency of Coaxial Tubular Superelastic Nickel-Titanium in Comparison to Single-Stranded Superelastic Nickel-Titanium While Relieving Mandibular Anterior Crowding: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the efficiency of six-stranded coaxial tubular superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwire and a single-stranded wire in relieving anterior mandibular crowding.

Materials And Methods: This double-blind randomized study included 40 patients, categorized into two groups: Sentalloy round group and Speed tubular supercable group (20 each). After taking alginate impressions, the allocated archwire was engaged.

Effectiveness of school-based dental screening in increasing dental care utilization: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: School based dental screening has been a popular public health intervention. However, literature provides contrasting evidence regarding effectiveness of such programs on the utilization of dental services.

Objectives: We designed this review to understand the differences in dental attendance rates of children below 15 years of age, receiving a school based dental screening versus those not receiving it.

Glycosylated haemoglobin: a false sense of security.

We report the unusual case of a patient found to have a low glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) despite having recently been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. The patient, who was not anaemic, with no symptoms or family history of haematological conditions, was subsequently found to have an elevated reticulocyte count, inferring increased red cell turnover as the culprit for the discordant HbA1c result. A diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis was made based on characteristic peripheral blood film appearances and confirmed by eosin-5-maleimide binding test.