Outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the aeromedical retrieval population of the remote Top End of the Northern Territory, Australia.

Objective: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is an event with an extremely poor prognosis. There is limited literature on the outcomes for regional Australia, with none specifically addressing remote populations. We aimed to assess out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in the aeromedical retrieval population of the Top End Medical Retrieval Service.

Education Needs of Australian Flight Nurses: A Qualitative Study.

Objective: Flight nurses work in physically challenging environments, often alone, in the confines of moving aircraft at altitudes with limited resources. Although this challenging environment has been previously described, there are no Australian studies that outline flight nurses' learning needs and the education activities they find useful in learning about their role.

Methods: This was a qualitative exploratory study using one-on-one interviews with 8 currently practicing flight nurses from 1 air medical retrieval organization.

Common drivers of seasonal movements on the migration - residency behavior continuum in a large herbivore.

This study aimed to (1) identify the scale of environmental drivers of seasonal movements on the migration - residency behavior continuum in a large herbivore species and to (2) test the hypothesis that the same environmental drivers and spatio-temporal scaling should influence spatial processes in both migrants (long distance migration) and residents (short distance range shifts). We performed a comparative analysis of the influence of plant phenology and snow cover duration on seasonal movements of five partially migrating red deer populations with contrasting environmental conditions, at the seasonal range scale and at the study area scale. The five populations presented varying proportions of migrants, large gradients of migration distances and seasonal range shifts.

Is Nifedipine as a Tocolytic Effective in Facilitating In Utero Transfer?

Objective: Previous studies have reported that air medical transfer of women in preterm labor can be safely accomplished, without preterm birth occurring; in fact, many women were later discharged without preterm birth occurring. The purpose of this study was to determine if nifedipine, when used as a tocolytic, is effective at facilitating in utero transfer of women in preterm labor in the Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia.

Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study over a 3-year period of all women transported in preterm labor between 23 + 6 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation of pregnancy (N = 325).

A Case Review: In-Flight Births Over a 4-Year Period in the Northern Territory, Australia.

Objective: There has been much newspaper and online news coverage of in-flight obstetric births on commercial aircraft over several decades. This case series reviews several cases of in-flight birth and immediate maternal and neonatal outcomes from air medical retrievals in the Northern Territory of Australia over a 4-year [corrected] period.

Methods: This is a retrospective written case note and electronic medical retrieval record analysis of 4 patients undergoing in-flight, at altitude, obstetric birth.

Management of Septic Shock in the Remote Prehospital Setting.

This study aims to assess the management of septic shock by air medical retrieval teams in the remote setting. A retrospective observational study was performed over 36 months. Sixty-seven adult patients who met the criteria for septic shock were included.

Identifying Space Use at Foraging Arena Scale within the Home Ranges of Large Herbivores.

An intermediate spatiotemporal scale of food procurement by large herbivores is evident within annual or seasonal home ranges. It takes the form of settlement periods spanning several days or weeks during which foraging activity is confined to spatially discrete foraging arenas, separated by roaming interludes. Extended by areas occupied for other activities, these foraging arenas contribute towards generating the home range structure.

Coping with spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in resources and risks: adaptive movement behaviour by a large grazing herbivore.

Movement is a key mean for mobile species to cope with heterogeneous environments. While in herbivorous mammals large-scale migration has been widely investigated, fine-scale movement responses to local variations in resources and predation risk remain much less studied, especially in savannah environments. We developed a novel approach based on complementary movement metrics (residence time, frequency of visits and regularity of visits) to relate movement patterns of a savannah grazer, the blue wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus, to fine-scale variations in food availability, predation risk and water availability in the Kruger National Park, South Africa.

Trends in stroke survival incidence rates in older Australians in the new millennium and forecasts into the future.

Aims: The objective of this study is (i) to evaluate trends in the incidence rates of stroke survivors aged 60 years and older over a 11-year period in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and (ii) to forecast future trends in Australia until 2051.

Methods: Analysis of age- and sex-specific standardized incidence rates of older first-ever stroke survivors in ACT from 1999-2000 to 2009-2010 and projections of number of stroke survivors (NSS) in 2021 and 2051 using 2 models based only on (i) demographic changes and (ii) assuming changing of both incidence rates and demography.

Results: In the ACT in the first decade of the 21st century, the absolute numbers and age-adjusted standardized incidence rates of stroke survivors (measured as a function of age and period) increased among both men and women aged 60 years or older.

Selecting habitat to survive: the impact of road density on survival in a large carnivore.

Habitat selection studies generally assume that animals select habitat and food resources at multiple scales to maximise their fitness. However, animals sometimes prefer habitats of apparently low quality, especially when considering the costs associated with spatially heterogeneous human disturbance. We used spatial variation in human disturbance, and its consequences on lynx survival, a direct fitness component, to test the Hierarchical Habitat Selection hypothesis from a population of Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx in southern Norway.

Reciprocal modulation of internal and external factors determines individual movements.

Movement is fundamental to individual and population dynamics, as it allows individuals to meet their basic requirements. Although movement patterns reflect interactions between internal and external factors, only few studies have examined the effects of these factors on movement simultaneously, and they generally focused on particular biological contexts (e.g.

Predator-prey spatial game as a tool to understand the effects of protected areas on harvester-wildlife interactions.

No-take reserves are sometimes implemented for sustainable population harvesting because they offer opportunities for animals to spatially avoid harvesters, whereas harvesters can benefit in return from the reserve spillover. Here, we used the framework of predator-prey spatial games to understand how protected areas shape spatial interactions between harvesters and target species and determine animal mortality. In these spatial games, the "predator" searches for "prey" and matches their habitat use, unless it meets spatial constraints offering the opportunity for prey to avoid the mortality source.

The phenotype of a germline mutation in PIGA: the gene somatically mutated in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIGA) is involved in the first step of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis. Many proteins, including CD55 and CD59, are anchored to the cell by GPI. Loss of CD55 and CD59 on erythrocytes causes complement-mediated lysis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), a disease that manifests after clonal expansion of hematopoietic cells with somatic PIGA mutations.

MRI features of 4 female patients with pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha deficiency.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a key intramitochondrial multienzyme complex required for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Most patients with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency have a defect in the E1 alpha subunit, associated with mutations in the PDHA1 gene. In this report, we submit detailed magnetic resonance images in 4 affected female patients with PDHA1 mutations who had with severe cortical atrophy, dilated ventricles, and an incomplete corpus callosum.

Bisphosphonate use and hip fracture epidemiology: ecologic proof from the contrary.

Aim: The objective of this article is to evaluate the relationship between the changes in prescriptions of antiosteoporotic drugs (mainly the rapid fall in the use of bisphosphonates [BPs]) and standardized hip fracture (HF) rates over the period 2005-2008 in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).

Methods: Annual sex- and age-specific HF rates (per 100,000 population) were determined and standardized using the Australian 2006 population census. Data on the annual prescriptions of BPs (mainly alendronate and risedronate), strontium ranelate, and hormone replacement therapy were obtained from the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and Repatriation Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (RPBS) databases.