Drivers of natural gas use in U.S. residential buildings.

Natural gas is the primary fuel used in U.S. residences, yet little is known about its consumption patterns and drivers.

Complex adaptive systems-based framework for modeling the health impacts of climate change.

Introduction: Climate change is a global phenomenon with far-reaching consequences, and its impact on human health is a growing concern. The intricate interplay of various factors makes it challenging to accurately predict and understand the implications of climate change on human well-being. Conventional methodologies have limitations in comprehensively addressing the complexity and nonlinearity inherent in the relationships between climate change and health outcomes.

Effects of Contagious Respiratory Pathogens on Breath Biomarkers.

Due to their immediate exhalation after generation at the cellular/microbiome levels, exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may provide real-time information on pathophysiological mechanisms and the host response to infection. In recent years, the metabolic profiling of the most frequent respiratory infections has gained interest as it holds potential for the early, non-invasive detection of pathogens and the monitoring of disease progression and the response to therapy. Using previously unpublished data, randomly selected individuals from a COVID-19 test center were included in the study.

Protocol for visualizing complex volatile metabolomics data in clinical setups using EDaViS software.

Here, we present a protocol for using Early Data Visualization Script, a user-friendly software tool to visualize complex volatile metabolomics data in clinical setups. We describe steps for tabulating data and adjusting visual output to visualize complex time-resolved volatile omics data using simple charts and graphs. We then demonstrate possible modifications by detailing procedures for the adaptation of four basic functions.

Origin of breath isoprene in humans is revealed via multi-omic investigations.

Plants, animals and humans metabolically produce volatile isoprene (CH). Humans continuously exhale isoprene and exhaled concentrations differ under various physio-metabolic and pathophysiological conditions. Yet unknown metabolic origin hinders isoprene to reach clinical practice as a biomarker.

Advanced setup for safe breath sampling and patient monitoring under highly infectious conditions in the clinical environment.

Being the proximal matrix, breath offers immediate metabolic outlook of respiratory infections. However, high viral load in exhalations imposes higher transmission risk that needs improved methods for safe and repeatable analysis. Here, we have advanced the state-of-the-art methods for real-time and offline mass-spectrometry based analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under SARS-CoV-2 and/or similar respiratory conditions.

Profiling of exhaled volatile organics in the screening scenario of a COVID-19 test center.

Breath volatile organics (VOCs) may provide immediate information on infection mechanisms and host response. We conducted real-time mass spectrometry-based breath profiling in 708 non-preselected consecutive subjects in the screening scenario of a COVID-19 test center. Recruited subjects were grouped based on PCR-confirmed infection status and presence or absence of flu-like symptoms.

Real-time metabolic monitoring under exhaustive exercise and evaluation of ventilatory threshold by breathomics: Independent validation of evidence and advances.

Breath analysis was coupled with ergo-spirometry for non-invasive profiling of physio-metabolic status under exhaustive exercise. Real-time mass-spectrometry based continuous analysis of exhaled metabolites along with breath-resolved spirometry and heart rate monitoring were executed while 14 healthy adults performed ergometric ramp exercise protocol until exhaustion. Arterial blood lactate level was analyzed at defined time points.

Non-Invasive O-Toluidine Monitoring during Regional Anaesthesia with Prilocaine and Detection of Accidental Intravenous Injection in an Animal Model.

Regional anaesthesia is well established as a standard method in clinical practice. Currently, the local anaesthetics of amino-amide types such as prilocaine are frequently used. Despite routine use, complications due to overdose or accidental intravenous injection can arise.

Effects of COVID-19 protective face masks and wearing durations on respiratory haemodynamic physiology and exhaled breath constituents.

Background: While assumed to protect against coronavirus transmission, face masks may have effects on respiratory-haemodynamic parameters. Within this pilot study, we investigated immediate and progressive effects of FFP2 and surgical masks on exhaled breath constituents and physiological attributes in 30 adults at rest.

Methods: We continuously monitored exhaled breath profiles within mask space in older (age 60-80 years) and young to middle-aged (age 20-59 years) adults over the period of 15 and 30 min by high-resolution real-time mass-spectrometry.

The peppermint breath test benchmark for PTR-MS and SIFT-MS.

A major challenge for breath research is the lack of standardization in sampling and analysis. To address this, a test that utilizes a standardized intervention and a defined study protocol has been proposed to explore disparities in breath research across different analytical platforms and to provide benchmark values for comparison. Specifically, theinvolves the targeted analysis in exhaled breath of volatile constituents of peppermint oil after ingestion of the encapsulated oil.

Detection of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Herds by Analyzing the Scent of Feces, Alveolar Gas, and Stable Air.

Paratuberculosis is an important disease of ruminants caused by ssp. (MAP). Early detection is crucial for successful infection control, but available diagnostic tests are still dissatisfying.

Detection of ssp. in Cultures From Fecal and Tissue Samples Using VOC Analysis and Machine Learning Tools.

Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a novel approach to accelerate bacterial culture diagnostics of subsp. (MAP). In the present study, cultures of fecal and tissue samples from MAP-infected and non-suspect dairy cattle and goats were explored to elucidate the effects of sample matrix and of animal species on VOC emissions during bacterial cultivation and to identify early markers for bacterial growth.

Deficiency and absence of endogenous isoprene in adults, disqualified its putative origin.

Background: Isoprene (CH) is a clinically important breath metabolite. Although, hundreds of studies have reported differential expressions in isoprene exhalation as breath biomarker for diverse diseases, the substance couldn't enter to clinical practice as diagnostic marker. Moreover, many experimental/basic observations upon breath isoprene remained unrelated to the corresponding pathophysiological effects on its putative metabolic origin (i.

Spatial mapping of VOC exhalation by means of bronchoscopic sampling.

Breath analysis holds promise for non-invasive in vivo monitoring of disease related processes. However, physiological parameters may considerably affect profiles of exhaled volatile organic substances (VOCs). Volatile substances can be released via alveoli, bronchial mucosa or from the upper airways.

Exhaled breath compositions under varying respiratory rhythms reflects ventilatory variations: translating breathomics towards respiratory medicine.

Control of breathing is automatic and its regulation is keen to autonomic functions. Therefore, involuntary and voluntary nervous regulation of breathing affects ventilatory variations, which has profound potential to address expanding challenges in contemporary pulmonology. Nonetheless, the fundamental attributes of the aforementioned phenomena are rarely understood and/or investigated.

Effects of modular ion-funnel technology onto analysis of breath VOCs by means of real-time mass spectrometry.

Proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) is a powerful tool for real-time monitoring of trace concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The sensitivity of PTR-ToF-MS also depends on the ability to effectively focus and transmit ions from the relatively high-pressure drift tube (DT) to the low-pressure mass analyzer. In the present study, a modular ion-funnel (IF) is placed adjacent to the DT of a PTR-ToF-MS instrument to improve the ion-focusing.

Changes of Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds in Postoperative Patients Undergoing Analgesic Treatment: A Prospective Observational Study.

Assessment and treatment of postoperative pain can be challenging as objective examination techniques to detect and quantify pain are lacking. We aimed to investigate changes of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in patients with postoperative pain before and after treatment with opioid analgesics. In an observational study in 20 postoperative patients, we monitored for postoperative pain, hemodynamic parameters, and catecholamines before and during treatment.

Author Correction: Exhaled volatile substances in children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus: results from a cross-sectional study.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Volatile scents of influenza A and S. pyogenes (co-)infected cells.

Influenza A is a serious pathogen itself, but often leads to dangerous co-infections in combination with bacterial species such as Streptococcus pyogenes. In comparison to classical biochemical methods, analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in headspace above cultures can enable destruction free monitoring of metabolic processes in vitro. Thus, volatile biomarkers emitted from biological cell cultures and pathogens could serve for monitoring of infection processes in vitro.

Non-Invasive Assessment of Metabolic Adaptation in Paediatric Patients Suffering from Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

An analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOC) may deliver systemic information quicker than available invasive techniques. Metabolic aberrations in pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are of high clinical importance and could be addressed via breathomics. Real-time breath analysis was combined with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and blood tests in children suffering from T1DM and age-matched healthy controls in a highly standardized setting.

Exhaled volatile substances in children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus: results from a cross-sectional study.

Monitoring metabolic adaptation to type 1 diabetes mellitus in children is challenging. Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath is non-invasive and appears as a promising tool. However, data on breath VOC profiles in pediatric patients are limited.

Extending PTR based breath analysis to real-time monitoring of reactive volatile organic compounds.

Reactive exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as nitrogen- and sulfur-containing substances may be related to diseases, metabolic processes and bacterial activity. As these compounds may interact with any surface of the analytical system, time-resolved monitoring and reliable quantification is difficult. We describe a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) based analytical method for direct breath-resolved monitoring of reactive compounds.

Core profile of volatile organic compounds related to growth of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis - A comparative extract of three independent studies.

Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) derived from bacterial metabolism during cultivation is considered an innovative approach to accelerate in vitro detection of slowly growing bacteria. This applies also to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of paratuberculosis, a debilitating chronic enteritis of ruminants.