Radial head and neck fractures in children and adolescents.

Background: Radial head and neck fractures are a rare entity in pediatric patients. Due to specific characteristics of the blood supply and remodeling potential, the correct diagnosis and initiation of appropriate therapy are crucial for the outcome. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective observational study was to present the outcome of a series of pediatric patients with radial head and neck fractures.

Diaphyseal Femur Fractures in Children and Adolescents-Opportunities and Limitations of the ESIN Technique.

Background: Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) is the gold standard for non-overweight children aged 6−12 years. However, the complication rate using elastic stable intramedullary nailing is considerably high. Nevertheless, the question arises of whether the indication for elastic stable intramedullary nailing therapy can be extended and which factors must be taken into account when determining the indication.

Cardiac alterations following experimental hip fracture - inflammaging as independent risk factor.

Background: Cardiac injuries following trauma are associated with a worse clinical outcome. So-called trauma-induced secondary cardiac injuries have been recently described after experimental long bone fracture even in absence of direct heart damage. With the progressive aging of our society, the number of elderly trauma victims rises and therefore the incidence of hip fractures increases.

Laboratory Markers in the Management of Pediatric Polytrauma: Current Role and Areas of Future Research.

Severe trauma is the most common cause of mortality in children and is associated with a high socioeconomic burden. The most frequently injured organs in children are the head and thorax, followed by the extremities and by abdominal injuries. The efficient and early assessment and management of these injuries is essential to improve patients' outcome.

Lower Leg Fractures in Children and Adolescents-Comparison of Conservative vs. ECMES Treatment.

Lower leg fractures are one of the most common fractures in pediatric age. In general, treatment of lower leg fractures is predominantly non-operative, requiring clinical and radiological controls. Nevertheless, it can be observed that in recent years tibial shaft fractures have increasingly been treated surgically.

Olecranon fractures in children: treatment of a rare entity.

Background: Olecranon fractures are a rare entity in children. The classification and treatment strategies are still discussed controversially.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients < 17 years admitted with an olecranon fracture at a Level I Trauma Center between 2005 and 2017 has been performed.

Different classifications concerning fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children.

Purpose: Fractures of the lateral condyle are the second most frequent elbow fractures in children. Although the pathobiomechanism is well known and different fracture classifications exist, there are still adverse clinical results. This raises the questions how precise classifications predict fracture stability, especially in the context of choosing the best therapy.

The Prognostic Value of Troponin in Pediatric Polytrauma.

Severe trauma accounts for a great number of deaths among children and adolescents. The diagnostic value of troponin serum levels of severely injured patients has been reported for adults, but data on pediatric polytrauma (PT) are scarce. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective monocentered study analyzing the prognostic value of troponin T (TnT) in pediatric trauma patients at the time point of hospital admission.

Modeling trauma in rats: similarities to humans and potential pitfalls to consider.

Trauma is the leading cause of mortality in humans below the age of 40. Patients injured by accidents frequently suffer severe multiple trauma, which is life-threatening and leads to death in many cases. In multiply injured patients, thoracic trauma constitutes the third most common cause of mortality after abdominal injury and head trauma.

Tissue damage in the heart after cardiac arrest induced by asphyxia and hemorrhage in newborn pigs.

Background: Asphyxia of newborns is a severe and frequent challenge of the peri- and postnatal period.

Methods: Forty-four neonatal piglets underwent asphyxia and hemorrhage (AH), followed by resuscitation with blood or crystalloid transfusion. In this study, 15 piglets (blood n = 9, NaCl n = 6, mean age 31 h) were randomly chosen.

Lung injury after asphyxia and hemorrhagic shock in newborn piglets: Analysis of structural and inflammatory changes.

Objective: Asphyxia of newborns is a severe and frequent challenge of the peri- and postnatal period. The purpose of this study was to study early morphological, immunological and structural alterations in lung tissue after asphyxia and hemorrhage (AH).

Methods: 44 neonatal piglets (age 32 hrs) underwent asphyxia and hemorrhage (AH) and were treated according to the international liaison committee of resuscitation (ILCOR) guidelines.

Sensory contact to the stressor prevents recovery from structural and functional heart damage following psychosocial trauma.

Cardiovascular disorders (CVD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Chronic psychosocial stress was induced in male mice by chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC), a pre-clinically validated mouse model for PTSD. Cardiac structure and function were assessed on day 20 of the CSC paradigm.

Experimental blunt chest trauma-induced myocardial inflammation and alteration of gap-junction protein connexin 43.

Objective: Severe blunt chest trauma in humans is associated with high mortality rates. Whereas lung tissue damage and lung inflammation after blunt chest trauma have extensively been investigated, the traumatic and posttraumatic effects on the heart remain poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to define cardiac injury patterns in an experimental blunt chest trauma model in rats.

The Role of Troponin in Blunt Cardiac Injury After Multiple Trauma in Humans.

Background: The incidence of cardiac injury in immediate fatalities after blunt trauma remains underestimated, and reliable diagnostic strategies are still missing. Furthermore, clinical data concerning heart-specific troponin serum levels, injury severity score (ISS), catecholamine treatment and survival of patients on admission to the hospital have rarely been interrelated so far. Therefore, the object of the present study was to identify predictive parameters for mortality in the context of blunt cardiac injury.

Intramuscular pressure, tissue oxygenation, and muscle fatigue of the multifidus during isometric extension in elite rowers with low back pain.

Context: Chronic low back pain (LBP) has been reported with a high incidence in elite rowers. It results in less effective training, long interruptions in training, and a drop in performance.

Objective: The authors hypothesized that exercise-induced LBP in rowers is caused by a chronic functional compartment syndrome (CFCS) of the multifidus muscle.

NSC-631570 (Ukrain) in the palliative treatment of pancreatic cancer. Results of a phase II trial.

Background: NSC-631570 (Ukrain) is a semisynthetic compound of thiophosphoric acid and the alkaloid chelidonine from the plant Chelidonium majus. It has been used in complementary herbal medicine for more than 20 years for the treatment of benign and malignant tumors.

Patients/methods: Between August 1999 and June 2001, 90 patients with histologically proven unresectable pancreatic cancer were randomized in a monocentric, controlled, randomized study.