GD-OES Investigations of Lithium-Ion Battery Graphite Anodes: Impact of Plasma Parameters and Electrode Properties.

Due to the demand of lithium-ion battery investigations with glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES), a fundamental study of the influence of essential GD-OES parameters toward graphite anodes in an argon plasma was conducted and compared to previous investigations of massive materials. It is shown that increased applied voltage (500-700 V) enhances the sputtering rate by up to 100%/100 V while keeping the crater shape unaffected. In contrast to this, gas pressure variation seems to be the main tool for crater shape adjustment.

δ-Methyl Branching in the Side Chain Makes the Difference: Access to Room-Temperature Discotics.

Although discotic liquid crystals are attractive functional materials, their use in electronic devices is often restricted by high melting and clearing points. Among the promising candidates for applications are [15]crown-5 ether-based liquid crystals with peripheral n-alkoxy side chains, which, however, still have melting points above room temperature. To overcome this problem, a series of o-terphenyl and triphenylene [15]crown-5 ether derivatives was prepared in which δ-methyl-branched alkoxy side chains of varying lengths substitute the peripheral linear alkoxy chains.

Pushing steric bias in the Scholl reaction to access liquid crystalline crown ethers.

Sterically congested o-terphenyl crown ethers with alkoxy substituents at the 2,3,4-position or 3,4,5-position were synthesized from the corresponding tetrabromodibenzo[15]crown-5 and the corresponding boronic acids or borolanes via Suzuki cross-coupling and subsequently cyclized to the corresponding triphenylenes utilizing the Scholl reaction. Both series of compounds were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (SAXS, WAXS) regarding their mesomorphic properties. While all but one of the 3,4,5-substituted derivatives displayed liquid crystalline behavior (Col(h) and Col(r)), only the 2,3,4-substituted triphenylene with the shortest alkoxy chains was liquid crystalline (Col(r)).

Synthesis of polychlorinated terphenyl mixtures and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry data of tetra- to octachlorinated ortho-, meta-, and para-terphenyls.

Polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) are a class of polyhalogenated compounds previously used in similar applications as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). According to present knowledge all industrial production was closed in the 1970s. The total PCT manufacture reached about 5% of the production of PCBs.

Bromination of 2-methoxydiphenyl ether to an average of tetrabrominated 2-methoxydiphenyl ethers.

Brominated 2-phenoxyanisoles (2-methoxydiphenyl ethers, 2-MeO-BDEs) are a class of halogenated natural products, produced by algae and sponges. Especially two tetrabrominated isomers, i.e.