The association between CYP2D6 genotype and switching antipsychotic medication to clozapine.

Purpose: Genetic variation in the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme is responsible for interindividual differences in the metabolism of many antipsychotic drugs, but the clinical relevance of polymorphisms in CYP2D6 for response to antipsychotic treatment is relatively unknown. In the Netherlands, clozapine is prescribed only when patients are non-responsive to or intolerant of at least two different antipsychotics. The aim of our study was to determine the association of the CYP2D6 genotype with switching to clozapine, which served as a surrogate outcome marker for treatment response to antipsychotics.

Consent in psychiatric biobanks for pharmacogenetic research.

In psychiatric practice, pharmacogenetics has the potential to identify patients with an increased risk of unsatisfactory drug responses. Genotype-guided treatment adjustments may increase benefits and reduce harm in these patients; however, pharmacogenetic testing is not (yet) common practice and more pharmacogenetic research in psychiatric patients is warranted. An important precondition for this type of research is the establishment of biobanks.

Polymorphisms of the LEP, LEPR and HTR2C gene: obesity and BMI change in patients using antipsychotic medication in a naturalistic setting.

Unlabelled: Weight gain is a frequently occurring serious somatic adverse effect of atypical antipsychotic agents. Genetic factors influence the risk of an individual to gain weight.

Objectives: To determine whether LEPR Q223R, LEP -2548G/A and HTR2C -759C/T polymorphisms are associated with obesity and weight change in patients using atypical antipsychotic drugs.

Combined HTR2C-LEP genotype as a determinant of obesity in patients using antipsychotic medication.

Obesity is one of the most serious common somatic adverse effects of atypical antipsychotic agents. Genetic factors partly determine the individual patients risk of developing obesity during treatment. As weight-regulating mechanisms, such as the leptinergic and serotonergic system, may be interdependent, genetic polymorphisms in these systems also may show interactions.

Association between LEP and LEPR gene polymorphisms and dyslipidemia in patients using atypical antipsychotic medication.

Background: Treatment with atypical antipsychotic agents is often complicated by dyslipidemia, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Objectives: To determine whether the LEPR Q223R, the LEP -2548G/A, and the HTR2C -759C/T polymorphisms are associated with dyslipidemia in patients using atypical antipsychotic drugs.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used.

Polymorphisms of the LEP- and LEPR gene and obesity in patients using antipsychotic medication.

Weight gain is one of the most serious adverse effects of atypical antipsychotic agents. Genetic factors influence the risk of an individual to gain weight. The objective of our study was to determine whether the LEPR Q223R polymorphism and the LEP promoter 2548G/A polymorphism are associated with obesity in a group of male and female patients using atypical antipsychotic drugs.