Large-scale assessment of physical activity in a population using high-resolution hip-worn accelerometry: the German National Cohort (NAKO).

Large population-based cohort studies utilizing device-based measures of physical activity are crucial to close important research gaps regarding the potential protective effects of physical activity on chronic diseases. The present study details the quality control processes and the derivation of physical activity metrics from 100 Hz accelerometer data collected in the German National Cohort (NAKO). During the 2014 to 2019 baseline assessment, a subsample of NAKO participants wore a triaxial ActiGraph accelerometer on their right hip for seven consecutive days.

Health Service Use Among Migrants in the German National Cohort-The Role of Birth Region and Language Skills.

To compare health service use (HSU) between migrants and non-migrants in Germany. Using data from the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO), we compared the HSU of general practitioners, medical specialists, and psychologists/psychiatrists between six migrant groups of different origins with the utilization of non-migrants. A latent profile analysis (LPA) with a subsequent multinomial regression analysis was conducted to characterize the HSU of different groups.

Sustainable diets and risk of overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sustainable diets are gaining interest as a possible approach to tackle climate change and the global extent of obesity. Yet, the association between sustainable diets and adiposity remains unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, calculating summary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Calcium intake in vegan and vegetarian diets: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.

In recent years, plant-based diets have experienced increasing popularity. However, plant-based diets may not always ensure an adequate supply of micronutrients, in particular calcium. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of calcium intake in vegan and vegetarian diets as compared to omnivorous diets.

Climate-specific health literacy in health professionals: an exploratory study.

Background: Health professionals such as physicians and nurses may play an important role in the transformation process towards a healthy, sustainable and climate-sensitive society. However, little is known about their climate-specific health literacy. This study aimed to assess knowledge regarding climate change and its impacts on health and climate-specific health literacy in health professionals.

Health-Promoting and Sustainable Behavior in University Students in Germany: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Health-promoting and sustainable behaviors, such as active transportation and sustainable diets, are associated with positive effects on human health and the environment. In order to unlock the potential of university students as key actors and multipliers, it is of interest to investigate their level of knowledge about the health effects of climate change and their willingness toward and implementation of health-promoting and sustainable behaviors. In November 2021, an online survey was conducted among students at the University of Regensburg, Germany.

Planetary health literacy: A conceptual model.

Education for planetary health could be one of the key levers of the much-needed civilizational turn toward a sustainable and healthy future. Education goes beyond information provision and passing on of knowledge and includes competencies to transfer knowledge from one decision situation to another. There are a range of different literacy concepts from various research perspectives that aim to improve such competencies.

[Work-related sedentary behavior].

Background: Sedentary behavior is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality. Occupational sitting time contributes to large amounts of daily sedentary behavior, especially in office workers.

Objective: This study investigated the amount of time spent in sedentary behavior during different tasks at work and while commuting of administrative personnel of a university hospital in Germany.

Association of epidemiological and clinical features with PCR cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cross-sectional study.

The cycle threshold (Ct) in quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is inversely correlated to the amount of viral nucleic acid or viral load and can be regarded as an indicator of infectivity. We examined the association of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive cases with PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values at the time of diagnosis. SARS-CoV-2 cases reported between 12 October 2020 and 24 January 2021 in Regensburg were analyzed employing bivariate and multivariable methods.

Sustainable Diets and Cancer: a Systematic Review.

Purpose Of Review: This review aimed to investigate the association of sustainable diets in relation to cancer risk, cancer recurrence, and cancer-specific mortality in adults.

Recent Findings: More than 500 articles were initially identified. Nine articles were eligible for inclusion, presenting data from 8 prospective cohort studies, conducted in Europe and the USA.

A cross-sectional study on the knowledge of and interest in Planetary Health in health-related study programmes in Germany.

Planetary Health connects human health with the natural and anthropogenic systems on which it depends. Planetary Health education has been growing in a wide range of health-related disciplines, yet not been widely implemented in health-related university curricula. This cross-sectional study focused on students' knowledge of and interest in Planetary Health education in order to assess the relevance of Planetary Health and Planetary Health topics for university students and their fields of study.

The Effectiveness of Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Time in Different Target Groups and Settings in Germany: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Recommendations on Interventions.

Background: Sedentary behavior is an important risk factor for several chronic diseases and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. We assessed the effectiveness of interventions to reduce sedentary time in Germany and provide recommendations on interventions to reduce sedentary time in children and adults.

Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Web of Science and the German Clinical Trials Register up to April 2022 for intervention studies targeting sedentary behavior in Germany.

Sedentary behavior and cancer-an umbrella review and meta-analysis.

Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have summarized the association between sedentary behavior (SB) and cancer. However, the level of evidence and the potential for risk of bias remains unclear. This umbrella review summarized the current data on SB in relation to cancer incidence and mortality, with a particular emphasis on assessing the risk of bias.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Relation to Cancer Survival: A Narrative Review.

From a public health perspective, cancer is a major issue, and it contributes to a high economic and societal burden. Lifestyle-associated risk factors play a crucial role in cancer prevention. The present narrative review aims to summarize the existing evidence on the relationship of physical activity and sedentary behavior to cancer survival, including the evidence on mortality and other health-related outcomes.

Anthropometric factors and the risk of ovarian cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Excess weight is convincingly associated with several cancers, but the association with ovarian cancer is insufficiently clarified, in particular regarding subgroups defined by menopausal status and ovarian cancer histologic type.

Aims: We carried out a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of overweight and obesity in relation to ovarian cancer with focus on different subgroups.

Methods And Results: We searched PubMed and Web of Science for relevant cohort and case-control studies published from inception to June 2021 in English language and using a clear definition of overweight and obesity.

COVID or not COVID: attributing and reporting cause of death in a community cohort.

Objectives: In Germany, deaths of SARS-CoV-2-positive persons are reported as 'death related to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19' to the Robert Koch Institute, Germany's main infectious disease institution. In 177 COVID-19-associated deaths reported in Regensburg, Germany, from October 2020 to January 2021, we investigated how deaths following SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported and whether cases with a death attributed to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 death [CD]) differed from cases with a reported death from other causes (non-COVID-19 death [NCD]).

Study Design: This was an observational retrospective cohort study.

How effective and how expensive are interventions to reduce sedentary behavior? An umbrella review and meta-analysis.

A reduction in sedentary behavior (SB) can contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases. This is the first umbrella review that summarizes the effectiveness and monetary costs of different types of interventions to reduce SB across all age groups and populations in different settings. We comprehensively searched seven databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and conducted an umbrella review of the effects of interventions to reduce SB.

Association between physical activity, grip strength and sedentary behaviour with incidence of malignant melanoma: results from the UK Biobank.

Background: Physical activity has been positively related to malignant melanoma. However, that association may be confounded by ultraviolet radiation (UV), a variable closely related to both outdoor physical activity and malignant melanoma. We examined physical activity, grip strength and sedentary behaviour in relation to risk of malignant melanoma, accounting for relevant confounders using data from a prospective cohort study.

Sedentary behaviour in relation to ovarian cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sedentary behaviour is an emerging risk factor for several site-specific cancers. Ovarian cancers are often detected at late disease stages and the role of sedentary behaviour as a modifiable risk factor potentially contributing to ovarian cancer risk has not been extensively examined. We systematically searched relevant databases from inception to February 2020 for eligible publications dealing with sedentary behaviour in relation to ovarian cancer risk.

[Self-reported infections in the German National Cohort (GNC) in the context of the current research landscape].

Background: Infectious diseases continue to play an important role for disease perception, health-economic considerations and public health in Germany. In recent years, infectious diseases have been linked to the development of non-communicable diseases. Analyses of the German National Cohort (GNC) may provide deeper insights into this issue and pave the way for new targeted approaches in disease prevention.

[Measuring physical fitness in the German National Cohort-methods, quality assurance, and first descriptive results].

Physical fitness is defined as an individual's ability to be physically active. The main components are cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength, and flexibility. Regardless of physical activity level, physical fitness is an important determinant of morbidity and mortality.

[Physical activity in the German National Cohort (NAKO): use of multiple assessment tools and initial results].

Background: Physical activity is a complex behavior that is difficult to measure validly and reliably in large, population-based studies. Data on physical activity are available for the initial 100,000 participants of the German National Cohort.

Objectives: To describe the baseline physical activity assessment in the cohort and to present initial descriptive results.

[Persons with migration background in the German National Cohort (NAKO)-sociodemographic characteristics and comparisons with the German autochthonous population].

Background: Persons with a migration background (PmM) as a population group usually differ from the autochthonous population in terms of morbidity, mortality, and use of the health care system, but they participate less frequently in health studies. The PmM group is very heterogeneous, which has hardly been taken into account in studies so far.

Objectives: Sociodemographic characteristics of PmM in the NAKO health study (age, sex, time since migration, education) are presented.