Scoping Review of Biological and Behavioral Effects of Babywearing on Mothers and Infants.

Objective: To synthesize the evidence on the biological and behavioral effects of babywearing on mothers and infants.

Data Sources: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed, full-text research articles published in English in which researchers reported on the biological or behavioral effects of babywearing on mothers or infants.

Study Selection: We reviewed the titles and abstracts of 200 records and abstracted 80 for full-text review.

Eat, Sleep, Console Approach: A Family-Centered Model for the Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.

Background: The opioid epidemic in the United States has resulted in an increased number of drug-exposed infants who are at risk for developing neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Historically, these infants have been treated with the introduction and slow weaning of pharmaceuticals. Recently, a new model called Eat, Sleep, Console (ESC) has been developed that focuses on the comfort and care of these infants by maximizing nonpharmacologic methods, increasing family involvement in the treatment of their infant, and prn or "as needed" use of morphine.