Publications by authors named "Jobst J"
Background: The PASCAL P10 system for mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair has undergone iterations, including introduction of the narrower Ace implant and the Precision delivery system.
Objectives: The study sought to evaluate outcomes and the impact of PASCAL mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair device iterations.
Methods: The REPAIR (REgistry of PAscal for mltral Regurgitation) study is an investigator-initiated, multicenter registry including consecutive patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) treated from 2019 to 2024.
Article Synopsis
- The paper discusses a new cryogenic sample chamber designed for low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and shares initial experimental findings.
- Modifications were made to the LEEM instrument to enable cooling mechanisms and minimize heat load, achieving sample temperatures as low as 15 K using liquid nitrogen and helium.
- Initial low-temperature LEEM experiments on a three-monolayer pentacene film revealed a significant decrease in electron beam damage at lower temperatures and changes in the LEEM-IV spectra, with explanations provided for these observations.
Background: Melanoma is an immune sensitive disease, as demonstrated by the activity of immune check point blockade (ICB), but many patients will either not respond or relapse. More recently, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has shown promising efficacy in melanoma treatment after ICB failure, indicating the potential of cellular therapies. However, TIL treatment comes with manufacturing limitations, product heterogeneity, as well as toxicity problems, due to the transfer of a large number of phenotypically diverse T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough T cells can exert potent anti-tumor immunity, a subset of T helper (Th) cells producing interleukin-22 (IL-22) in breast and lung tumors is linked to dismal patient outcome. Here, we examined the mechanisms whereby these T cells contribute to disease. In murine models of lung and breast cancer, constitutional and T cell-specific deletion of Il22 reduced metastases without affecting primary tumor growth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been successfully translated to clinical practice for the treatment of B cell malignancies. The suppressive microenvironment of many malignancies is a bottleneck preventing treatment success of CAR T cells in a broader range of tumours. Among others, the immunosuppressive metabolite adenosine is present in high concentrations within many tumours and dampens anti-tumour function of immune cells and consequently therapeutic response.
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- Etanercept (ETN) was studied in a real-world setting to evaluate its effects on radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) over a treatment period of up to 36 months in Germany.
- The study involved 1821 patients and found that the mean modified total Sharp score (mTSS) remained stable during treatment, indicating less radiographic progression compared to the pre-treatment phase, especially in patients with prior radiographic data.
- Overall, the findings suggest that ETN slows radiographic progression in RA and PsA, as demonstrated by a higher rate of non-progression during treatment and improvements in clinical disease activity and patient
For many complex materials systems, low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) offers detailed insights into morphology and crystallography by naturally combining real-space and reciprocal-space information. Its unique strength, however, is that all measurements can easily be performed energy-dependently. Consequently, one should treat LEEM measurements as multi-dimensional, spectroscopic datasets rather than as images to fully harvest this potential.
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- Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is a cutting-edge technology enabling the creation of tiny electronic circuits under 20 nm in size, with low-energy electrons (LEEs) playing a key role in this process.
- Researchers used advanced techniques like LEE microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy to examine how electrons in the range of 0-40 eV affect a specific EUV resist material, revealing that even very low-energy electrons can trigger significant chemical reactions.
- A proposed reaction model suggests that a small quantity of electrons (about 10 per molecule) is sufficient to render the resist material insoluble, aligning with the observed sensitivity of tin-oxo cage materials in EUV lithography.
The two-dimensional electron liquid which forms between the band insulators LaAlO (LAO) and SrTiO (STO) is a promising component for oxide electronics, but the requirement of using single crystal SrTiO substrates for the growth limits its applications in terms of device fabrication. It is therefore important to find ways to deposit these materials on other substrates, preferably Si, or Si-based, in order to facilitate integration with existing technology. Interesting candidates are micron-sized nanosheets of CaNbO which can be used as seed layers for perovskite materials on any substrate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn contrast to the in-plane transport electron mean-free path in graphene, the transverse mean-free path has received little attention and is often assumed to follow the "universal" mean-free path (MFP) curve broadly adopted in surface and interface science. Here we directly measure transverse electron scattering through graphene from 0 to 25 eV above the vacuum level both in reflection using low energy electron microscopy and in transmission using electronvolt transmission electron microscopy. From these data, we obtain quantitative MFPs for both elastic and inelastic scattering.
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- Low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) is used to measure the local work function of surfaces with high lateral resolution but can produce artifacts due to surface electrostatic fields.
- These artifacts occur near areas of work function discontinuities, extending hundreds of nanometers, and can lead to an overestimation of the true work function difference by 1.6 times when using standard analysis methods.
- Comparing LEEM data with ray-tracing simulations provides a more accurate estimate of work function differences, as demonstrated on a mixed-terminated strontium titanate surface.
Background: Due to late diagnosis and resistance to chemotherapy, most patients with cholangiocarcinoma have an unfavorable prognosis. Despite the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in clinical routine, differentiation between intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and secondary adenocarcinomas of the liver is frequently not clear, leading to false diagnosis and treatment decisions.
Methods: Oligonucleotide microarrays (Affymetrix Hu133A©) were used for gene expression analysis of ICC (n = 11) and secondary adenocarcinomas (colorectal metastases; n = 6).
Objective: To evaluate patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) receiving etanercept (ETN) monotherapy or ETN plus conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARD) to determine the proportion achieving a clinically meaningful response in arthritis, psoriasis, and quality of life simultaneously.
Methods: A prospective, multicenter, 52-week observational study in patients with active PsA evaluated treatment with ETN in clinical practice (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00293722).
Background/aims: The failure to correctly differentiate between intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant clinical problem, particularly in terms of the different treatment goals for both cancers. In this study a specific gene expression profile to discriminate these two subgroups of liver cancer was established and potential diagnostic markers for clinical use were analyzed.
Methods: To evaluate the gene expression profiles of HCC and intrahepatic CC, Oligonucleotide arrays (U133A) were used.
Article Synopsis
- Charge transport in many systems is influenced more by local features than by a single resistance measure, making understanding local electronic potential crucial for device analysis.
- A new low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) potentiometry method has been developed that is fast, non-invasive, and allows for easy zooming and a large field of view.
- This method utilizes a mirror mode transition sensitive to local electrostatic surface potentials, enabling broader application across materials, and has been successfully demonstrated on Si(111) surfaces and metal-semiconductor junctions.
Article Synopsis
- Charge transport in systems often depends on local features rather than a single global resistance value, highlighting the need for techniques that map local electronic potentials.
- A new potentiometry method using low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) has been developed, which is fast, has a large field of view, and is non-invasive, but is limited by the availability of characteristic reflectivity features in some materials.
- The paper introduces an alternative low-energy electron potentiometry (LEEP) method based on a universal mirror mode transition, which is effective for a wider range of materials, and demonstrates its application in analyzing electrostatic surface potential variations and the Schottky effect in metal-semiconductor junctions.
Article Synopsis
- High electron mobility is a crucial property of graphene, especially in its heterostructures with hexagonal boron nitride, widely used in research and applications.
- Despite the common assumption that the electronic states in these layered systems do not couple significantly, this study reveals that graphene and boron nitride bands show no interaction across a broad energy range.
- The angle-resolved reflected-electron spectroscopy method we utilized can be applied to investigate interactions in other van der Waals layered materials, enhancing our understanding of how electronic coupling contributes to the creation of novel materials.
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma comprises of a group of heterogeneous tumors of different etiologies. The multistep process of liver carcinogenesis involves various genetic and phenotypic alterations. The molecular pathways and driver mutations involved are still under investigation.
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- The electronic band structure of materials determines their properties by defining the allowed energy states for electrons.
- Measuring occupied bands is easy, but characterizing unoccupied bands (those above the Fermi level) has been challenging until now.
- The authors present a new technique using low-energy electron microscopy that can directly measure these unoccupied bands in graphene layers with high spatial resolution and potential application to various nanomaterials.
Charge transport measurements form an essential tool in condensed matter physics. The usual approach is to contact a sample by two or four probes, measure the resistance and derive the resistivity, assuming homogeneity within the sample. A more thorough understanding, however, requires knowledge of local resistivity variations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the lack of specific screening markers underline the need for new biomarkers for human hepatocarcinogenesis.
Materials And Methods: We investigated 10 postulated biomarkers for HCC (AFP, GPC3, OPN, IGF1, HGF, SPINK1, KPNA, FUCA1, CgA, HSP90) with microarray gene expression analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in HCC tissues of different etiologies.
Results: Four candidate genes (FUCA1, HGF, IGF1, CgA) showed low median fold changes (fc) of expression compared to corresponding non-malignant liver tissues (fc range=0.
Background: The molecular pathomechanisms leading to hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis remain unclear. This study investigated the molecular pathways and key genes underlying HCV-positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using gene expression profiling.
Methods: Oligonucleotide arrays (Affymetrix HU133A) were used to determine and compare the tissue-specific gene expression profiles in 39 cases of HCV-positive or -negative HCC and non-malignant liver tissue.