Comparative characterization of protein and lipid fractions from camel and cow milk, their functionality, antioxidant and antihypertensive properties upon simulated gastro-intestinal digestion.

In-depth characterization of protein and lipid fractions from cow and camel milk (four breeds; CM-1 to 4), their functional and thermal properties and bioactivity upon simulated gastro-intestinal digestion was reported. Results revealed that proteins from cow and camel milk showed a noticeable separation on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Functional properties of whole milk proteins from cow and camel milk at different pH revealed that emulsifying activity index (EAI), foaming capacity (FC) and protein solubility was higher towards acidic and alkaline pH and lowest at isoelectric point (pH = 4).

How effective has tobacco tax increase been in the Gambia? A case study of tobacco control.

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate how effective tobacco tax increase has been in increasing price of tobacco products and reducing tobacco consumption in the Gambia. In addition, it tests the hypothesis that tobacco tax revenue grows while tobacco consumption decreases as a result of tax and price increase.

Setting: The study is designed at the macroeconomic level to examine the import of tobacco products and revenue collected from tobacco taxation in a low-income setting.

Aspects of the microbiological quality and safety of ready-to-eat foods in Sharjah supermarkets in the United Arab Emirates.

Over the last few years, ready-to-eat (RTE) foods have become popular in grocery stores all over the world. This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological safety and shelf life of some RTE salads sold in supermarkets in Sharjah Emirate, United Arab Emirates. Samples of four RTE salads, tabbouleh, hummus, Greek salad, and coleslaw, were obtained from supermarkets and examined for aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes.

Enhancement of dissolution amount and in vivo bioavailability of itraconazole by complexation with beta-cyclodextrin using supercritical carbon dioxide.

The main objective of this study was to improve the inclusion formation between itraconazole and beta-cyclodextrin and thus enhance dissolution amount and bioavailability characteristics of itraconazole. Inclusion complexes between itraconazole and beta-cyclodextrin were prepared using simple physical mixing, conventional coprecipitation method, and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO(2)). Effects of process variables (temperature, pressure) and drug:cyclodextrin ratio on inclusion yield and thermal behavior of the solid complexes prepared by SC CO(2) were studied and compared to those obtained by physical mixing and coprecipitation methods.

Evaluation of supercritical fluid technology as preparative technique of benzocaine-cyclodextrin complexes--comparison with conventional methods.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the preparation method on the physico-chemical properties of complexes prepared between beta-cyclodextrin (beta-Cyd) and benzocaine (BZC). In particular, the effectiveness of a new technique based on supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO(2)) for preparing solid drug-cyclodextrin complexes was investigated and compared to other more conventional methods such as kneading (KN), co-evaporation (COE), co-grinding (GR) and sealed-heating (S.H.

Phase solubility and inclusion complex of itraconazole with beta-cyclodextrin using supercritical carbon dioxide.

Phase-solubility techniques were used to assess the formation of inclusion complex between itraconazole and beta-cyclodextrin. The stability constant and free energies of transfer of itraconazole from aqueous solution to the cavity of beta-cyclodextrin were calculated. Itraconazole solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO(2)) was measured at different temperatures and pressures.