Areola size and jugulum nipple distance after bilateral mastectomy and breast reconstruction.

Objective: The combination of a single pedicle local flap with tattooing for complete nipple areola complex (NAC) reconstruction is currently the most supported method. Although many technical descriptions of NAC reconstruction exist in the medical literature, there are no data that define the ideal areola size (diameter of the areola) after bilateral mastectomy and breast reconstruction considering the previous areola size.

Methods: This was a 3-year (2009-2012) observational, analytical, and longitudinal prospective study with 103 patients who had undergone NAC tattooing as the last process of bilateral breast reconstruction after surgery for breast cancer.

Serum albumin levels in burn people are associated to the total body surface burned and the length of hospital stay but not to the initiation of the oral/enteral nutrition.

Objective: Serum albumin levels have been used to evaluate the severity of the burns and the nutrition protein status in burn people, specifically in the response of the burn patient to the nutrition. Although it hasn't been proven if all these associations are fully funded. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the relationship of serum albumin levels at 3-7 days after the burn injury, with the total body surface area burned (TBSA), the length of hospital stay (LHS) and the initiation of the oral/enteral nutrition (IOEN).

The potential association of later initiation of oral/enteral nutrition on euthyroid sick syndrome in burn patients.

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine if early initiation of oral/enteral nutrition in burn patients minimizes the drop in fT3 levels, reduces the potential for euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS), and shortens the length of hospital stay (LHS). Subjects and Methods.

[Skin graft, smoking and diabetes mellitus type 2].

Smoking and hyperglycemia decrease the success of skin graft survival in specific circumstances. It is well known that smoking and diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 increase the oxidative and impair the endothelial function. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine if smoking and DM type 2 are factors associated with lower skin graft survival, in different etiologies of the injury associated to the skin loss.

A new approach: resection and suture of orbicularis oculi muscle to define the upper eyelid fold and correct asymmetries.

Unlabelled: Upper-eyelid blepharoplasty is a very common procedure in aesthetic plastic surgery. Among all the literature in favor of orbicularis muscle resection, there are no commentaries associated with orbicularis muscle suture and its convenience. This article discusses a new approach: independent resection of the orbicularis oculi muscle similar in size to the resected skin and the subsequent suture of the orbicularis muscle after its resection.

Giant earlobe epidermoid cyst.

Epidermoid cysts represent the most common cutaneous cysts. They are usually small and benign; however, sometimes they can grow to giant epidermoid cists, and occasionally malignancies develop. Giant epidermoid cysts at the earlobe have never been described but in other locations.

Clinical evaluation of the nose: a cheap and effective tool for the nasal fracture diagnosis.

Objective: An accurate diagnosis of nasal fracture is dependent on a thorough history and physical examination. The purpose of this investigation was to create a simple method to establish the diagnosis of nasal fracture based only on clinical criteria.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out of 220 patients suspected of nasal fracture admitted to a hospital specializing in occupational injuries in 2003 and 2004.

Smoking and diabetes mellitus type 2 reduce skin graft take; the use of fibrin glue might restore graft take to optimal levels.

Efficacy has been demonstrated in some uses of fibrin glue associated with graft loss. Smoking and hyperglycemia significantly decrease the success of skin graft survival in specific injuries. This retrospective study aimed to verify the association with decreased skin graft survival and whether fibrin glue is useful in reversing the influence of these factors.

Chondromucosal nasal flap with the transposition flap of von langenbeck as a good election for the total lower eyelid defect reconstruction in an old patient with an elevated vision loss in the contralateral eye.

Objective: The management of lower eyelid reconstruction has a variety of treatment strategies with varying success depending on the patient. We tried to apply the most suitable reconstruction techniques for this particular case.

Methods: We report a case of a 99-year-old woman, with a vision loss of 70% in the left eye and 40% in the right eye, who underwent basal cell carcinoma resection of the lower right eyelid 3 months before.

Role of citrus juices and distinctive components in the modulation of degenerative processes: genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and longevity in Drosophila.

It is well established that breakfast beverages contain high quantities of Citrus juices. The purpose of the present study was to assess the nutraceutical value of orange and lemon juices as well as two of their active compounds: hesperidin and limonene. Indicator assays were performed at three levels to evaluate different biological health promoter activities: (i) determination of the safety and DNA-damage protecting ability against free radicals by using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster, (ii) study of the modulating role for life span in Drosophila melanogaster, and (iii) measurement of the cytotoxic activity against the human tumor cell line HL60.

The effect of the Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study.

The "Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet" (SKMD) has been shown to be an effective and safe way to cure patients suffering from metabolic syndrome (MS). Keeping in mind that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with MS, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic properties under free living conditions of the SKMD in patients with MS (following the International Diabetes Federation [IDF] consensus guidelines) and NAFLD (suspected by using a cutoff value of alanine aminotransferase [ALT] levels of >40 U/L and confirmed by abdominal ultrasonography) over a 12-week period. A prospective study was carried out in 14 obese men meeting the inclusion criteria and whose body mass index (BMI) and age were 36.

A pilot study of the Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet: an effective therapy for the metabolic syndrome.

The "Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet" (SKMD) has been shown to promote potential therapeutic properties for the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic properties under free-living conditions of the SKMD in patients with metabolic syndrome (following the International Diabetes Federation consensus guidelines) over a 12-week period. A prospective study was carried out in 22 obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (12 men and 10 women) with the inclusion criteria whose body mass index of 36.

Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of a single dose of citrulline malate (CM) on the performance of flat barbell bench presses as an anaerobic exercise and in terms of decreasing muscle soreness after exercise. Forty-one men performed 2 consecutive pectoral training session protocols (16 sets). The study was performed as a randomized, double-blind, 2-period crossover design.

[Ketogenic diets: additional benefits to the weight loss and unfounded secondary effects].

It is also necessary to emphasize that as well as the weight loss, ketogenic diets are healthier because they promote a non-atherogenic lipid profile, lower blood pressure and diminish resistance to insulin with an improvement in blood levels of glucose and insulin. Such diets also have antineoplastic benefits, do not alter renal or liver functions, do not produce metabolic acidosis by Ketosis, have many neurological benefits in central nervous system, do not produce osteoporosis and could increase the perfomance in aerobic sports.

Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet: a healthy cardiovascular diet for weight loss.

Background: Ketogenic diets are an effective healthy way of losing weight since they promote a non-atherogenic lipid profile, lower blood pressure and decrease resistance to insulin with an improvement in blood levels of glucose and insulin. On the other hand, Mediterranean diet is well known to be one of the healthiest diets, being the basic ingredients of such diet the olive oil, red wine and vegetables. In Spain the fish is an important component of such diet.

[Ketogenic diets and weight loss: basis and effectiveness].

The international consensus is that carbohydrates are the basis of the food pyramid of a healthy diet. Today's specialists believe that the best way to lose weight is by cutting down on calories, essentialy in the form of fat. However, this paper will clarify that ketogenic diets are, from a physiological, biochemicale and practical point of view, a much more effective way of losing weight, since such diets provide metabolic advantages such as the capacity to preserve muscle mass, reduce appetite, to have a lower metabolic efficiency, produce a metabolic activation of thermogenesis and favour a greater fat loss even with a greater number of calories.

Evaluation of the Campbell test and the influence of age, sex, breed, and coat color on puppy behavioral responses.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Campbell test and discover if there is a link between a puppy's scores and factors such as age, breed, sex, sex-breed interaction, size, Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) groups, and coat color. The Campbell test was performed on 342 puppies (191 males and 151 females) of different breeds. The results show that the criteria used by Campbell to classify puppies are incomplete, and that it is more appropriate to use numerical values for each type of answer.