"Just" accuracy? Procedural fairness demands explainability in AI-based medical resource allocations.

The increasing application of artificial intelligence (AI) to healthcare raises both hope and ethical concerns. Some advanced machine learning methods provide accurate clinical predictions at the expense of a significant lack of explainability. Alex John London has defended that accuracy is a more important value than explainability in AI medicine.

Public Perception of Organ Donation and Transplantation Policies in Southern Spain.

Background: This research explores how public awareness and attitudes toward donation and transplantation policies may contribute to Spain's success in cadaveric organ donation.

Materials And Methods: A representative sample of 813 people residing in Andalusia (Southern Spain) were surveyed by telephone or via Internet between October and December 2018.

Results: Most participants trust Spain's donation and transplantation system (93%) and wish to donate their organs after death (76%).

[Efficiency is not enough. Ethical analysis and recommendations for the allocation of scarce resources in a pandemic situation].

Objective: To develop a support tool to decision-making in the framework of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: Different ethical recommendations that emerged in Spain on prioritizing scarce health resources in the COVID-19 pandemic first wave were searched; it was conducted a narrative review of theoretical models on distribution in pandemics to define an ethical foundation. Finally, recommendations are drawn to be applied in different healthcare settings.

[Vaccine hesitancy: discourse analysis of parents who have not fully or partially vaccinated their children].

Objective: To analyse and understand vaccination hesitancy discourses, particularly those of people who have decided not to vaccinate their sons and daughters.

Methods: Qualitative study of five individual interviews and two focus groups with people who chose not to vaccinate their children in the province of Granada (Spain).

Results: Mothers and fathers manifest a system of health beliefs different to the biomedical paradigm.

[A prudent deprescription model].

The therapeutic structure of health systems relies heavily on medical prescription, which generates a marked tendency to add drugs to a patient's medical history. There is an absence of incentives for professionals to reassess prescriptions and withdraw those with a negative or neutral risk/benefit. This can create a deviation of medical resources to the maintenance of useless or even harmful treatments.