[Local and systhemic immunotherapy for bladder cáncer: from bench to bedside.].

Therapeutic approaches for treatment of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma based on immune system modulation, as well as the contribution of intravesica Bacillus de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and the recentin corporation of checkpoint inhibitors had found irrefutable proofs of concept for the indication of antitumoral immunontherapy in such tumors. Its extension and development at the present time covers all the locations of the wide spectrum of presentation and evolution of these tumors. Nowadays, apart for the low grade non muscle-invasive tumors, we are facingan unpredictable development of antitumoral immunotherapy in bladder cancer not only as an option in the primary treatment, but also in other scenarios such asnon-responders when it comes to BCG, or the situation of ineligibility for systemic chemotherapy indication.

Association of an organ transplant-based approach with a dramatic reduction in postoperative complications following radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy in renal cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Our aim was to determine whether using an organ transplant-based(TB) approach reduces postoperative complications(PCs) following radical nephrectomy(RN) and tumor thrombectomy(TT) in renal cell carcinoma(RCC) patients with level II-IV thrombi.

Methods: A total of 390(292 non-TB/98 TB) IRCC-VT Consortium patients who received no preoperative embolization/IVC filter were included. Stepwise linear/logistic regression analyses were performed to determine significant multivariable predictors of intraoperative estimated blood loss(IEBL), number blood transfusions received, and overall/major PC development within 30days following surgery.

[Mechanism of action of intravesical BCG. Biological bases and clinical applicability.].

The therapeutic approaches developed around immune system modulation find the therapeutic contribution of intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) for transitional cell bladder cancer an unquestionable example as a proof of concept of antitumor immunotherapy since more than 30 years ago. Intravesical immunotherapy for urothelial carcinomas is considered with periodic intravesical instillations schedules, and the one with longer historic development and wider diffusion is BCG in the form of suspension. BCG is a unique strain obtained from Mycobacterium bovis at the end of the first third of the XX century and represents the historically most successful immunotherapeutic modality of all tumors with a high level body of evidence.

Renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava involvement: Prognostic effect of tumor thrombus consistency on cancer specific survival.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma forming a venous tumor thrombus (VTT) in the inferior vena cava (IVC) has a poor prognosis. Recent investigations have been focused on prognostic markers of survival. Thrombus consistency (TC) has been proposed to be of significant value but yet there are conflicting data.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass has No Significant Impact on Survival in Patients Undergoing Nephrectomy and Level III-IV Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy: Multi-Institutional Analysis.

Purpose: The impact of cardiopulmonary bypass in level III-IV tumor thrombectomy on surgical and oncologic outcomes is unknown. We determine the impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on overall and cancer specific survival, as well as surgical complication rates and immediate outcomes in patients undergoing nephrectomy and level III-IV tumor thrombectomy with or without cardiopulmonary bypass.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 362 patients with renal cell cancer and with level III or IV tumor thrombus from 1992 to 2012 at 22 U.

Impact of synchronous metastasis distribution on cancer specific survival in renal cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy with tumor thrombectomy.

Purpose: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma can be clinically diverse in terms of the pattern of metastatic disease and response to treatment. We studied the impact of metastasis and location on cancer specific survival.

Materials And Methods: The records of 2,017 patients with renal cell cancer and tumor thrombus who underwent radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy from 1971 to 2012 at 22 centers in the United States and Europe were analyzed.

Lessons learned from the International Renal Cell Carcinoma-Venous Thrombus Consortium (IRCC-VTC).

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) extension into the renal vein or the inferior vena cava occurs in 4%-10% of all kidney cancer cases. This entity shows a wide range of different clinical and surgical scenarios, making natural history and oncological outcomes variable and poorly characterized. Infrequency and variability make it necessary to share the experience from different institutions to properly analyze surgical outcomes in this setting.

Impact of histologic subtype on cancer-specific survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma and tumor thrombus.

Background: Although different prognostic factors for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and vena cava tumor thrombus (TT) have been studied, the prognostic value of histologic subtype in these patients remains unclear.

Objective: We analyzed the impact of histologic subtype on cancer-specific survival (CSS).

Design, Settings, And Participants: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 1774 patients with RCC and TT who underwent radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy from 1971 to 2012 at 22 US and European centers.

Prognostic impact of the 2009 UICC/AJCC TNM staging system for renal cell carcinoma with venous extension.

Background: The prognostic significance of venous involvement and tumour thrombus level in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains highly controversial. In 2010, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union International Centre le Cancer (UICC) revised the RCC staging system (7th edition) based on tumour thrombus level, differentiating the T stage of tumours limited to renal-vein-only involvement.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the impact of tumour thrombus extension in a multi-institutional cohort of patients.

[Robotic surgery and laser technology: an opportunity for discovery].

The use of laser technology in the field of urologic surgery has experienced great advances over the past 20 years. Since the beginning of this century robotic technology has landed in a determined manner in our specially and every day will be more and more indications on what is going to have a final deployment. The current combination of laser and surgical robots, can be focused on two distinct areas, but possibly complementary, the use of lasers to guide the surgical procedure, what we might call "landmarks and structures recognition" or "positioning" and laser use because of its ablative ability minimizing blood loss and increasing the resection accuracy.