Phytochemical analysis and investigation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic activities of hydroethanolic extracts of Alternanthera dentata, Ocimum carnosum, and Plectranthus barbatus, three species with vernacular names derived from analgesic drugs.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Plant vernacular names can provide clues about the popular use of a species in different regions and are valuable sources of information about the culture or vocabulary of a population. Several medicinal plants in Brazil have received names of medicines and brand-name products.

Aim Of The Study: The present work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and pharmacological activity in the central nervous system of three species known popularly by brand names of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and digestive drugs.

Bibliometric Analysis of Research: Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions.

The use of medical remains unregulated in several countries due to the scarcity of clinical studies with high scientific evidence that establish safety and efficacy of products. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze how knowledge has been created in this field, as well as perform a bibliographic mapping to identify knowledge gaps, and investigate key authors and journals that have significantly contributed to advancing our understanding of . The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (CRD42020223084).

L. from Seized Drug Material: Germination and Establishment.

With the expansion of the cannabis-derived product market, there is a growing need for seedling development to produce raw material for pharmaceutical applications and medicinal research. However, cannabis cultivation is illegal in many countries, and legal producers do not sell cannabis seeds in these countries. In Brazil, cannabis is still illegal, and the only way to obtain access to cannabis plants for research or as medicine is through importation, which is costly and requires authorization from the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), or from material seized by the police from drug trafficking.

Validation of analytical method of cannabinoids: Novel approach using turbo-extraction.

The development of simple, efficient, and low-cost analytical methods is essential for the evaluation and monitoring of the main cannabinoids in Cannabis-based products. In this sense, the objectives of this study were to develop and validate an analytical method for obtaining and determining cannabinoids in a pool sample. Two extraction techniques were used, ultrasound and turbo-extraction, and two system-solvents, methanol:chloroform (9:1 v:v) and ethanol.

Abamectin promotes behavior changes and liver injury in zebrafish.

The indiscriminate use of pesticides is a worldwide concern due to the environment contamination since it can cause deleterious effects to non-target organisms including the fishes. The effects of abamectin, a pesticide from the avermectin family, were evaluated in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) after exposure to a commercial formula commonly used in Brazil. The animals were submitted to acute (96 h) and to a short-term chronic exposure (15 days) of distinct concentrations of abamectin.

Phytochemistry profile of rosella and jambolan extracts and the therapeutic effects on obesity.

extract (HSE) and extract (SCE) have been used in traditional medicine due to their hypoglycemic, antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of these extracts, as well as to evaluate their toxicities. The phytochemical profiles were obtained by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analyses.

Validation of a HPLC method for quantification of midazolam in rat plasma: Application during a Maytenus ilicifolia-drug interaction study.

Midazolam (MDZ) is routinely employed as a marker compound of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) activity. Despite the many HPLC-UV methods described to quantify MDZ in plasma, all of them use acetonitrile (ACN) or a mixture of methanol-isopropanol as organic solvent of the mobile phase. Since the ACN shortage in 2008, efforts have been made to replace this solvent during HPLC analysis.

Color determination method and evaluation of methods for the detection of cannabinoids by thin-layer chromatography (TLC).

Cannabis sativa is the drug of abuse most cultivated, trafficked, and consumed worldwide. One of several techniques used to detect cannabinoids is based on the thin-layer chromatography (TLC). However, the designation of the colors observed can be inaccurate and not reproducible.

Effects of Risperidone in Autistic Children and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

There are several studies investigating the effects of risperidone on autism, but many of these studies are contradictory or inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of risperidone on five domains of the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC) scale on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as well as weight gain and waist circumference. The protocol for the present systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO).

Evaluation of the Effects of Maytenus ilicifolia on the Activities of Cytochrome P450 3A and P-glycoprotein.

Background: Maytenus ilicifolia is a Brazilian popular medicine commonly used to treat ulcer and gastritis. Despite the absence of toxicity regarding its consumption, possible interactions when co-administrated with conventional drugs, are unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of M.

Validated spectrophotometric method for quantification of total triterpenes in plant matrices.

Background: Triterpenes are ubiquitous secondary metabolites present in plants. They can be found in both forms, as genins or conjugated as glycosides. Although distinct analytical methods to quantify these compounds in vegetal tissues are available in the literature, limitations like high cost, complexity on sample preparation, and selectivity are often challenging issues.

Phytochemical characterisation and bioprospection for antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Lippia alba Brown ex Britton & Wilson (Verbenaceae).

Ethanol extract and fractions obtained from fresh and dry aerial parts of Lippia alba were examined in order to determine their phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activities. The ethanol extracts and fractions exhibited an antioxidant effect by the DPPH assay, especially samples of fresh plant. HPLC analysis of the ethyl acetate fractions identified the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids.

Pharmacological and Toxicological Study of Maytenus ilicifolia Leaf Extract. Part I - Preclinical Studies.

One of the Brazilians medicinal plants most cited in ethnopharmacological surveys for the treatment of ulcers and gastric diseases was evaluated for its efficacy and toxicity. Maytenus ilicifolia leaf extract (MIE) was acutely and chronically (180 days) administered to rats, mice, and dogs. Acute tests were antiulcer effect and toxicological trials (observational pharmacological screening, LD50, motor coordination, sleeping time and motor activity).

Pharmacological and Toxicological Study of Maytenus ilicifolia Leaf Extract Part II-Clinical Study (Phase I).

Maytenus ilicifolia is a plant widely used in South American folk medicine as an effective anti-dyspeptic agent, and the aim of this study was to evaluate their clinical and toxicological effects in healthy volunteers in order to establish its maximum safe dose. We selected 24 volunteers (12 women and 12 men) between 20 and 40 years of age and put them through clinical/laboratory screening and testing to ascertain their psychomotor functions (simple visual reaction, speed and accuracy, finger tapping tests). M.

Phytochemical analysis of hydroethanolic extract of Turnera diffusa Willd and evaluation of its effects on astrocyte cell death.

Objective: To evaluate the phytochemical composition of hydroethanolic extracts from powdered aerial parts of Turnera diffusa Willd (Turneraceae; T. diffusa), as well as its toxicity in astrocytes.

Methods: Chemical analyses of hydroethanolic extract from powdered aerial parts ofT.

Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Leaves of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae).

Ethanol extract and fractions obtained from leaves of Solanum lycocarpum were examined in order to determine their phenolic composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic potential. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with DAD analysis indicated that the flavonoids apigenin and kaempferol were the main phenolic compounds present in dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions, respectively. The antioxidant activity was significantly more pronounced for dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and hydroethanol fractions than that of the commercial antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol.

Glands on the foliar surfaces of tribe Cercideae (Caesapiniodeae, Leguminosae): distribution and taxonomic significance.

Large elongated glands occur on Cercideae leaf surfaces. Leaves of Bauhinia (55 taxa, 53 species), Cercis (1 species), Phanera (1 species), Piliostigma (2 species), Schnella (19 species) and Tylosema (1 species) were observed to determine location and relative number of glands. They were only observed on the abaxial leaf surface of 42 Bauhinia taxa.

Antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of the ripe fruits of Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae).

Ethanol extract (EE) and fractions obtained from the ripe fruits of Solanum lycocarpum were examined in order to determine their phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, antibacterial activities and cytotoxic potential. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with DAD analysis indicated that caffeic and chlorogenic acids were the main phenolic compounds present in the EE, dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (Ac) fractions. The antioxidant activity assessed by the scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical was significantly more pronounced for DCM and Ac fractions than that of the commercial antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT).

Antioxidant and antifungal activities of Smilax campestris Griseb. (Smilacaceae).

Ethanol extract and fractions obtained from aerial parts of Smilax campestris were examined in order to determine their phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity and antifungal activities. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with DAD analysis indicated that quercetin and rutin were the main phenolic compounds present in butanol fraction and ethanol extract, respectively. The antioxidant activity assessed by the scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical was significantly more pronounced for the ethanol extract and butanol fraction than that of the commercial antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol.

Comparison of the chemical composition and biological effects of the roots, branches and leaves of Heteropterys tomentosa A. Juss.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: HETEROPTERYS TOMENTOSA: A. Juss (Malpighiaceae), commonly mistaken as Heteropterys aphrodisiaca, is chronically used by the Brazilian population to improve general health due to its claimed protective effects against a wide range of medical conditions.

Aim Of The Study: This study in rodents aimed to verify the adaptogenic potential of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the roots (the most commonly used portion), branches and leaves of the plant.

Assessment of the toxicity of the Brazilian pepper trees Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Aroeira-da-praia) and Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Aroeira-do-sertão).

The present study aimed to assess the preclinical toxicity of two plants commonly used to treat "stomach ailments" in Brazil: Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (S) and Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (M). In male rats, chronic treatment (83 days) with both pepper trees (17.6 and 13.

Antinociceptive peripheral effect of Achillea millefolium L. and Artemisia vulgaris L.: both plants known popularly by brand names of analgesic drugs.

The hydroalcohol extracts of Achillea millefolium L. (AM) and Artemisia vulgaris L. (AV), both belonging to the Asteraceae family, were evaluated by the hot plate, writhing, formalin and intestinal transit tests in an attempt to confirm their folk use as analgesic, antiinflammatory and antispasmodic agents.

Antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of a tricin acylated glycoside from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) juice.

From sugarcane juice, a flavone, identified by spectroscopic methods as tricin-7-O-beta-(6''-methoxycinnamic)-glucoside, was isolated, in addition to orientin. The tricin derivative was shown to have antioxidant activity higher than Trolox by means of the DPPH assay and lower by the beta-carotene/linoleic acid system. It showed in vitro antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines, with higher selectivity toward cells of the breast resistant NIC/ADR line.