Implication of sperm chromosomal abnormalities in recurrent abortion and multiple implantation failure.

Currently, some infertility treatment centres provide sperm karyotype analysis, although the impact of sperm chromosomal abnormalities on fertility is not yet fully understood. Several studies using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) to analyse sperm chromosomal constitution discovered that the incidence of aneuploidy is increased in individuals with a history of repeated abortion or implantation failure and is even higher in cases of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT), abnormal somatic karyotype or in spermatozoa retrieved directly from the testis or epididymis, showing that the application of FISH in these cases may be of some benefit for improving the reproductive outcome. This article presents the results of clinical trials of FISH analysis on spermatozoa, the medical indications for performing this examination, its results in infertile patients and the advantages when performing genetic counselling prior to treatment.

Location of recurrent asymptomatic ovarian cancer through endoscopic ultrasound.

Ovarian cancer is frequent and recurrence happens in about 75% of patients. As it presents high rates of relapse, the exams for this diagnosis are widely discussed. Beside this, there have been discussions about benefits for early anatomic diagnosis and whether endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) can be used to track the relapse of the disease.

[Computed tomography in the evaluation of acute aortic dissection].

Acute aortic dissection is the most frequent cause of aortic emergency, associated to high morbidity and mortality rates. It is important to quickly establish the diagnosis and properly characterize the findings in order to determine the appropriate treatment. Multidetector computed tomography is, in many centers, the initial imaging modality of choice, due to its diagnostic accuracy (with sensitivity and specificity indexes of nearly 100%), wide availability, examination speed and ease performance.

[Computed tomographic angiography in the evaluation of acute pulmonary thromboembolism].

Computed tomographic andiography has becoming the main diagnostic imaging method for the evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE), due to its high sensitivity and specificity and potential cost-effectiveness. The advances in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanners and optimization of scanning protocols via thinner collimation and faster scanning times have greatly improved the ability to detect PE. The diagnosis is made by direct visualization of a low attenuation filling defect (intraluminal thrombus) that partially or completely occludes a contrast filled artery.

[Transmural endoscopy drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst: long-term outcome].

Background: Pancreatic pseudocysts are relatively common complications of pancreatitis in adults.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term results from transmural endoscopic drainage and thus to establish its role in managing pancreatic pseudocyst.

Methods: Fourteen patients with pancreatic pseudocyst were studied.