Downregulation of hsa-miR-100-5p May Be a Protective Factor in the Early Stages of Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) can generate severe complications, such as Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) or Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), with it emerging as the leading cause of terminal (end-stage) renal disease all over the world. For T1DM, the clinical evaluation of DKD uses markers like the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and the Urinary Albumin Excretion (UAE). However, early diagnosis of DKD is still a challenge.

Aqueous extract of leaf exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in a murine model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-OHDA.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease affects 2% of the population aged over 65 years and is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the general population. The appearance of motor symptoms is associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Clinically significant nonmotor symptoms are also important for severe disability with disease progression.

Association between HLA Class II Alleles/Haplotypes and Genomic Ancestry in Brazilian Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide Exploratory Study.

We aimed to identify , , and alleles/haplotypes associated with European, African, or Native American genomic ancestry (GA) in admixed Brazilian patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This exploratory nationwide study enrolled 1599 participants. GA percentage was inferred using a panel of 46 ancestry informative marker-insertion/deletion.

Global miRNA expression reveals novel nuclear and mitochondrial interactions in Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Considering the potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers and their interaction with both nuclear and mitochondrial genes, we investigated the miRNA expression profile in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients, including the pathways in which they are involved considering both nuclear and mitochondrial functions.

Methods: We analyzed samples of T1DM patients and control individuals (normal glucose tolerance) by high throughput miRNA sequencing (miRNome). Next, five miRNAs - , , , and were validated by RT-qPCR.

Triglyceride Lowering with Pemafibrate to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk.

Background: High triglyceride levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but whether reductions in these levels would lower the incidence of cardiovascular events is uncertain. Pemafibrate, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α modulator, reduces triglyceride levels and improves other lipid levels.

Methods: In a multinational, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride level, 200 to 499 mg per deciliter), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels of 40 mg per deciliter or lower to receive pemafibrate (0.

Adherence to Carbohydrate Counting Improved Diet Quality of Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus during Social Distancing Due to COVID-19.

To control glycemic variability in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), it is essential to perform carbohydrate counting (CC), a strategy that ensures better quality of life for these patients. Thus, this study aims to analyze potential factors associated with adherence to CC in adults with T1DM during social distancing due to COVID-19 in Brazil. This was a single cross-sectional study carried out in July 2020.

Peripheral arterial disease progression and ankle brachial index: a cohort study with newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Little is known about the evolution of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) since diagnosis and its association with glycemic and lipid control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Objective: Evaluate the actual criteria to start screening PAD with ankle-brachial index (ABI) in T2DM patients and assess its progression and relationship with glycemic and lipid control since diagnosis.

Methods: We performed a 3-year prospective cohort study with two groups: group 1 (978 individuals with T2DM undergoing drug treatment) and group 2 [221 newly diagnosed drug-naive (< 3 months) patients with T2DM].

HLA Genotypes and Type 1 Diabetes and Its Relationship to Reported Race/Skin Color in Their Relatives: A Brazilian Multicenter Study.

We aimed to investigate the relationship between HLA alleles in patients with type 1 diabetes from an admixed population and the reported race/skin color of their relatives. This cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted in public clinics in nine Brazilian cities and included 662 patients with type 1 diabetes and their relatives. Demographic data for patients and information on the race/skin color and birthplace of their relatives were obtained.

Health-related quality of life in T1DM patients after high-dose cholecalciferol supplementation: data from a pilot clinical trial.

Background: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) impacts health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Cross-sectional studies suggest that low levels of vitamin D (VD) may impair HRQoL, however, the effect of VD supplementation on quality of life in T1DM patients has not yet been clarified. Our study evaluated the effects of high-dose VD supplementation on HRQoL in T1DM.

Variants in the Gene May Influence 25(OH)D Levels in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Brazilian Population.

Vitamin D has been considered a strong contributing factor to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Many studies have investigated polymorphisms in the gene in association with T1DM in different populations, but there are still conflicting findings. This study aimed to evaluate the association of four variants in the gene (rs7975232, rs1544410, rs731236, and rs2228570) with T1DM risk and vitamin D levels within a population from North Region, Brazil, as well as the influence of genomic ancestry on T1DM.

Association Between 25(OH)Vitamin D, HbA1c and Albuminuria in Diabetes Mellitus: Data From a Population-Based Study (VIDAMAZON).

Background: The effect of glycemic control on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is well known. Recent evidence has suggested that Vitamin D (VD) may have a nephroprotective effect in diabetes, but the relationship between VD, glycemic control, and albuminuria has yet to be clarified.

Objective: Evaluate the relationship between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D], HbA1c, and albuminuria in Diabetes Mellitus (DM).

Association of Soy and Exclusive Breastfeeding With Central Precocious Puberty: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction: While soy is suggested as a possible risk factor, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has a likely protective effect in precocious puberty. Our aim was to evaluate the association between both of these variables with central precocious puberty (CPP).

Methods: We performed a retrospective, case-control study.

Improvement in Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy After High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is associated with diabetes , increasing morbidity and mortality. Some cross-sectional studies associated CAN with low levels. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of high-dose vitamin D (VD) supplementation on CAN in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patients.

Vitamin D and PTH: data from a cross-sectional study in an equatorial population.

Objective: Investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in an equatorial population through a large-sample study.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 30,224 healthy individuals from the North Region, in Brazil (Amazônia - state of Pará), who had 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum levels measured by immunoassay method. Those with history of acute or chronic diseases were excluded.

Efficacy and safety of evogliptin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Brazilian population: a randomized bridging study.

Background: Evogliptin (EVO) is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DPP4is are known to exhibit a better glucose-lowering effect in Asians compared to other ethnic groups. Once EVO's clinical development program was conducted in Asian patients, this bridging study was designed to validate for the Brazilian population the efficacy and safety of the approved dose regimen (once-daily 5.

Diagnosis of Idiopathic GHD in Children Based on Response to rhGH Treatment: The Importance of GH Provocative Tests and IGF-1.

Serum IGF-1 (Insulin like growth factor 1) and Growth Hormone (GH) provocative tests are reasonable tools for screening and diagnosis of idiopathic GH Deficiency (IGHD). However, the average cut-off points applied on these tests have a lower level of evidence and produce large amounts of false results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of IGF-1 and GH stimulation tests as diagnostic tools for IGHD, using clinical response to recombinant human GH (rhGH) treatment as diagnostic standard [increase of at least 0.

Ankle-brachial index and peripheral arterial disease: An evaluation including a type 2 diabetes mellitus drug-naïve patients cohort.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for vascular events. Recommendations about whether ankle-brachial index should be performed differ depending on the source; therefore, it is necessary to re-evaluate the most important risk factors associated with peripheral arterial disease and whether it is useful to perform ankle-brachial index in newly diagnosed and drug-naïve patients with diabetes, independent of age or peripheral arterial disease symptoms.

Methods: A total of 711 subjects were divided into groups: group 1, 600 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, symptomatic or not for peripheral arterial disease; group 2, 61 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients newly diagnosed and drug naïve; and group 3, 50 subjects without diabetes.

Cochlear dysfunction and microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Sensorineural hearing impairment has been associated with DM, and it is probably linked to the same pathophysiological mechanisms as well-established in microvascular diabetes complications. The study of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) is useful to identify subclinical cochlear dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between abnormal OAEs responses, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN).

Effect of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Clinical Outcomes According to Baseline Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights From the EXSCEL Trial.

Background In the EXSCEL (Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering), exenatide once-weekly resulted in a nonsignificant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events ( MACEs ) and a nominal 14% reduction in all-cause mortality in 14 752 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM ) with and without cardiovascular disease. Whether patients at increased risk for events experienced a comparatively greater treatment benefit with exenatide is unknown. Methods and Results In the EXSCEL population, we created risk scores for MACEs and all-cause mortality using step-wise selection of baseline characteristics.

The impact of ethnicity, educational and economic status on the prescription of insulin therapeutic regimens and on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. A nationwide study in Brazil.

Aims: Establish the relationship between demographic, educational and economic status on insulin therapeutic regimens (ITRs) and on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study with 1760 patients conducted between August 2011 and August 2014 in 10 Brazilian cities.

Results: Patients were stratified according to ITRs as follows: only NPH insulin (group 1, n=80(4.

Albuminuria Reduction after High Dose of Vitamin D in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study.

Background: Some studies suggest an association between diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and vitamin D (VD), but there is no data about the effect of high dose of VD on DKD in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Our pilot study aims to evaluate albuminuria reduction in patients with T1DM supplemented with high dose of VD.

Methods: 22 patients received doses of 4,000 and 10,000 IU/day of cholecalciferol for 12 weeks according to patient's previous VD levels.

Glycemic Variability and Insulin Needs in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Supplemented with Vitamin D: A Pilot Study Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring System.

Background: Recent studies suggest that glycemic variability could influence the risk of complications in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). There are no data about the action of Vitamin D (VD) on glycemic variability. Our pilot study aims to evaluate glycemic variability and insulin needs in patients with T1DM supplemented with VD.