Unilateral biportal endoscopy: review and detailed surgical approach to extraforaminal approach.

Foraminal and extraforaminal lumbar disc herniations are common sources of pain and disability. Classic surgical treatments, such as open approach through Witsel technique, often involve resection of the superior articular process to decompress the foraminal space. Unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative, providing enhanced visualization and precision while minimizing soft tissue damage.

Trochanteric fractures: Tip-Apex distance, Calcar Tip-Apex distance, and Chang criteria-a multiple variable analysis.

Failure of osteosynthesis is a common complication of the nailing of trochanteric fractures which typically occurs through form of cut-out. Tip-Apex distance (TAD), Calcar Tip-Apex distance (CalTAD), and Chang criteria are validated variables to predict failure of cephalomedullary nailing. This is a retrospective study which analyzes treatment of trochanteric fractures from 2018 to 2020 (n = 296) evaluating postoperative radiographs and factors of mechanical failure.