Main findings and diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushing and transbronchial biopsy in HIV-positive patients.

Bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushing and transbronchial biopsy are of fundamental importance in the diagnosis of pathologies affecting the lungs of immunosuppressed patients, especially those infected with HIV. This was a descriptive and retrospective study, in which the results of bronchoalveolar lavages, bronchial brushings and transbronchial biopsies of HIV-positive patients attended at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro from 1999 to 2015 were reviewed to determine the most frequent findings in these patients, to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these procedures and to correlate bronchoscopy results with clinical and radiological findings. Serological tests for HIV were confirmed and cases with negative or unverified serology were excluded.

Clinical and anatomopathological aspects of patients with hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome is considered an emerging disease in the Americas. Since 1993, thousands of cases have been reported from different countries, but mainly from Brazil. This study aims to describe some epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological aspects of patients with hantavirus who presented poor outcome and were autopsied in a teaching hospital in Brazil, from 2000 to 2014.

Massive thymoma of the mid-posterior mediastinum: an unprecedented case in a young adult.

We report an unprecedented case of ectopic thymoma in a young adult. A 33-year-old male presented with a 10-day history of non-productive cough and fever. Investigation revealed mediastinal widening without pulmonary involvement.

Invasive thymoma in a child: a rare case report.

Thymomas are neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum and generally occur between the fourth and sixth decades of life. In children, they are rare, with few reported cases. We describe a 9-year-old boy with invasive thymoma treated successfully by surgery alone.

[Congenital lobar emphysema: study of a case].

Congenital Lobar Emphysema (CLE) is a rare malformation of lung development, which may be the cause of respiratory insufficiency in the suckling child. It is produced by the hyperinsufflation of one or more lung lobs with compression of the normal lung parenchyma and contralateral displacement of the mediastinum. Clinical diagnosis is confirmed by simple radiology exams.

[Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: asthma].

Pneumomediastinum is defined as the presence of free air in the mediastinum, and the spontaneous occurs in the absence of diseases or precipitating factors. It is rare in adults, and it is more frequent in newborns. However, it occurs more in young adults, with an 8:1 relationship between men and women.

[Kartagener syndrome].

A white, 48-year-old woman, natural from Uberaba-MG, presented herself to hospital. She had a picture of rest dyspnea, fever, productive cough, greenish catarrh and ventilatory-dependent thoracic pain, for 3 days. During investigation, through radiogram and thoracic tomography, it was visualized the presence of dextrocardia and consolidation in low right lobe by bronchopneumonic process.