Pituitary stem cells: review of the literature and current understanding.

Background: The existence of pituitary stem cells in the adult pituitary gland is supported by such findings as postnatal proliferation, differentiation based on environmental alterations, and development of hormone-producing cells after specific lesions in the pituitary.

Objective: We discuss which cells in the adult pituitary gland might play a role as pituitary stem cells, the potential for these cells to initiate pituitary adenomas, and possible future clinical implications.

Methods: We reviewed the English literature in search for scholarly articles related to stem cells in the adult pituitary, cells with embryonic profile in the adult gland, mitogenic characteristics of adult pituitary cells, and pituitary adenoma oncogenesis.

Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: surgical results of 228 pituitary adenomas treated in a pituitary center.

Pituitary tumors are challenging tumors in the sellar region. Surgical approaches to the pituitary have undergone numerous refinements over the last 100 years. The introduction of the endoscope have revolutionized pituitary surgery.

Regression of intracranial meningioma following intratumoral hemorrhage.

An intratumoral hemorrhage within a meningioma occurs infrequently; in less than 3% of all lesions. When hemorrhage does occur, however, it is associated with a poor prognosis and significant mortality rates. We report a 66-year-old woman with a 10-year history of multiple intracranial meningiomas managed conservatively who underwent surgical resection of a spheno-orbital lesion for decompression of the right optic nerve.