Bloodstream and non-invasive isolates of Candida glabrata have similar population structures and fluconazole susceptibilities.

We have compared multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and fluconazole susceptibility profiles of Candida glabrata bloodstream isolates obtained during active, population-based surveillance to those obtained from non-sterile sites of individuals with no evidence of fungal disease (i.e., non-invasive isolates) in the same US city during an overlapping time period.

Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from the ARTEMIS global surveillance study is primarily due to the TR/L98H mutation in the cyp51A gene.

We surveyed 497 isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus collected from 2008 to 2009 as part of the ARTEMIS global surveillance study for elevated MIC values to itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole. Sequencing of the cyp51A gene revealed that 8/29 isolates with elevated MIC values to one or more triazoles, all originating in China, contained the TR/L98H mutation associated with resistant European isolates of A. fumigatus.

Transmission of Cryptococcus neoformans by Organ Transplantation.

Background: This article describes transmission of Cryptococcus neoformans by solid organ transplantation.

Methods: We reviewed medical records and performed molecular genotyping of isolates to determine potential for donor transmission of Cryptococcus.

Results: Cryptococcosis was diagnosed in 3 recipients of organs from a common donor with an undifferentiated neurologic condition at the time of death.

Candidemia surveillance in Brazil: evidence for a geographical boundary defining an area exhibiting an abatement of infections by Candida albicans group 2 strains.

Prospective population surveillance has been conducted for candidemia in Brazil (A. L. Colombo, M.

Effect of serum and surface characteristics on Candida albicans biofilm formation.

Candida spp. biofilms can be established on a wide range of materials, including implanted medical devices, and can display a resistant phenotype to antifungal drugs. Several factors, including host and surface properties, may influence the establishment and the development of Candida albicans biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces.

Multilocus sequence type analysis reveals both clonality and recombination in populations of Candida glabrata bloodstream isolates from U.S. surveillance studies.

The human commensal yeast Candida glabrata is becoming increasingly important as an agent of nosocomial bloodstream infection. However, relatively little is known concerning the genetics and population structure of this species. We have analyzed 230 incident bloodstream isolates from previous and current population-based surveillance studies by using multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

Multilocus sequence typing of sequential Candida albicans isolates from patients with persistent or recurrent fungemia.

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a useful tool to explore the phylogenetics and epidemiology of Candida albicans isolates recovered from cases of invasive candidiasis. The goal of this study was to determine whether the same or different strains were responsible for persistent or recurrent fungemia through the use of MLST and ABC typing on sequential C. albicans isolates from the same patient.

Rapid quantification of drug resistance gene expression in Candida albicans by reverse transcriptase LightCycler PCR and fluorescent probe hybridization.

We developed a rapid, sensitive, and reproducible assay to quantify Candida albicans ACT1, CDR1, CDR2, ERG11, and MDR1 mRNA using a two-step reverse transcription and LightCycler real-time PCR (RT-LightCycler PCR) method with sequence-specific hybridization probes. We compared RT-LightCycler PCR with Northern hybridization for quantitative analysis of gene expression in isolates with various fluconazole susceptibilities. Specificity of each LightCycler PCR was verified by LightCycler melting curve analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis of amplified products.

Comparison of visual and spectrophotometric methods of broth microdilution MIC end point determination and evaluation of a sterol quantitation method for in vitro susceptibility testing of fluconazole and itraconazole against trailing and nontrailing Candida isolates.

Visual determination of MIC end points for azole antifungal agents can be complicated by the trailing growth phenomenon. To determine the incidence of trailing growth, we performed testing of in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole and itraconazole using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution M27-A reference procedure and 944 bloodstream isolates of seven Candida spp., obtained through active population-based surveillance between 1998 and 2000.