Incidence and risk factors for colorectal cancer in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There is a significant burden of mortality from colorectal cancer in Africa. Due to the heterogeneity of dietary and lifestyle practices throughout Africa, our work sought to define risk factors for the development of CRC in the African continent.

Implementation, Reach, and Effectiveness of the Direct Observation of Residents in Clinic Program.

Background: Direct observation is important, yet medical residents are rarely observed. We implemented and evaluated a direct observation program in resident clinics to increase the frequency of observation and feedback and improve perceptions about direct observation.

Methods: We assigned faculty as observers in our resident clinics between June 2019 and February 2020.

Opioid exposure as a potential risk factor for vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization in the absence of antimicrobial exposure.

Background: Antimicrobial exposure leads to an increased risk of colonization and spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Studies have also implicated exposure to nonantimicrobial medications as a potential risk factor for an increased risk of colonization with these pathogens.

Methods: A matched case-control study was performed to determine specific nonantimicrobial medications associated with vancomycin-resistant enterococci rectal colonization.

Impact of Geriatric Trauma Co-Management on 1-Year Mortality in Older Adults with Multiple Rib Fractures.

Background: Rib fractures in older adults are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Geriatric trauma co-management programs have looked at in-hospital mortality but not long-term outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective study of multiple rib fracture patients 65 years and older (n=357), admitted from September 2012 to November 2014 comparing Geriatric trauma co-management (GTC) vs Usual Care by trauma surgery (UC).

An Evaluation of Contraceptive Methods After Implementation of a Novel LARC Program in a Residency Primary Care Clinic.

Background And Objective: Internal medicine (IM) residency programs have inadequate education and training around contraception, creating and perpetuating a potential barrier for patients. Contraceptive access is a critical part of primary care, yet few IM residency programs offer long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) in their clinic. To address the LARC needs of our patients and education needs of our residents, one attending (MS) created a procedure clinic and provided LARC in our residency clinic in 2015.

Analysis of Decreasing Adverse Events with Endoscopic Ultrasound in a New Advanced Endoscopy Program Over Time.

Objective: New innovations and increasing utility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are associated with rare but serious risks. We investigate the rates and risk factors for post-procedural complications over a four-year period at a new advanced endoscopy program.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all adult patients who underwent upper EUS at an academic level-1 trauma center between April 2015 and November 2019.

Intensive care unit rounding checklists to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

Objective: To assess whether the implementation of an intensive care unit (ICU) rounding checklist reduces the number of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs).

Design: Retrospective before-and-after study that took place between March 2013 and February 2017.

Setting: An academic community hospital 16-bed, mixed surgical, cardiac, medical ICU.

The impact of errors on healthcare professionals in the critical care setting.

Purpose: Medical errors occur at high rates in intensive care units (ICUs) and have great consequences. The impact of errors on healthcare professionals is rarely discussed. We hypothesized that issues regarding blame and guilt following errors in the ICU exist and may be dependent on type of practitioner, level of experience, and error type.

Improving the Perception of Outpatient Practice: A Second Continuity Experience for Internal Medicine Residents.

Background: The challenges trainees experience in the traditional medical clinic are felt to be one deterrent to choosing a primary care career.

Objective: We examined whether participation in a second outpatient continuity experience (Second Site) affects trainee perception of primary care practice.

Methods: 241 current and former graduates of the Brown Alpert Medical School Internal Medicine training programs were surveyed about their experiences with Second Site.

Medical Neighborhood Model for the Care of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.

Background: The patient-centered medical home is a popular model of care, but the patient-centered medical neighborhood (PCMN) is rarely described. We developed a PCMN in an academic practice to improve care for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of CKD in this practice and describe baseline characteristics, develop an interdisciplinary team-based approach to care and determine cost associated with CKD patients.

Evaluating HIV prevention strategies for populations in key affected groups: the example of Cabo Verde.

Objectives: We used an individual-based model to evaluate the effects of hypothetical prevention interventions on HIV incidence trajectories in a concentrated, mixed epidemic setting from 2011 to 2021, and using Cabo Verde as an example.

Methods: Simulations were conducted to evaluate the extent to which early HIV treatment and optimization of care, HIV testing, condom distribution, and substance abuse treatment could eliminate new infections (i.e.

Preventing HIV Transmission Among Partners of HIV-Positive Male Sex Workers in Mexico City: A Modeling Study.

Mexico has a concentrated HIV epidemic, with male sex workers constituting a key affected population. We estimated annual HIV cumulative incidence among male sex workers' partners, and then compared incidence under three hypothetical intervention scenarios: improving condom use; and scaling up HIV treatment as prevention, considering current viral suppression rates (CVS, 60.7 %) or full viral suppression among those treated (FVS, 100 %).

Prevention and treatment produced large decreases in HIV incidence in a model of people who inject drugs.

In the United States, people who inject drugs continue to be at greatly increased risk of HIV infection. To estimate the effectiveness of various prevention scenarios, we modeled HIV transmission in a dynamic network of drug users and people who did not use drugs that was based on the New York Metropolitan Statistical Area population. We compared the projected HIV incidence in 2020 and 2040 if current approaches continue to be used to the incidence if one or more of the following hypothetical interventions were applied: increased HIV testing, improved access to substance abuse treatment, increased use of needle and syringe programs, scaled-up treatment as prevention, and a "high impact" combination scenario, consisting of all of the strategies listed above.