The Relevance of Ultrastructural Studies of Metastatic Cells from Women with Breast Cancer History.

The interaction between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment is determinant for metastasis success. In this study, the ultrastructural relevance of cells in the malignant pleural effusion (MPE) of women with breast cancer history was investigated. In MPE, it is possible to observe single cells and clusters.

Follow-Up of Women with Cervical Cytological Abnormalities: Progression and Regression Events.

Abnormalities in the cervix, when identified early by Pap smear, can be treated in the early stages or in the precursor stages of the neoplasia, which may increase the chances of regression of the lesion. The aim to verify the rate of cervical abnormalities and to evaluate the risk of progression or regression associated with age and cytological diagnosis. Methods: The study was conducted in a referral hospital in Southern Brazil, based on the results of pathology and cytopathology laboratory tests of uterine cervix.

Impact of Her-2 Overexpression on Survival of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Introduction: Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease which is increasingly important as a public health problem. In Brazil, 57,960 new cases have been estimated to be the burden in 2016 and 2017. Despite advances in early diagnosis and therapy, approximately 20-30% of patients, even with early stage lesions, will develop distant metastatic disease.

LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI'S VIRULENCE AND INCREASED SERUM C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS.

Background: Recently, a great variety of studies aimed to investigate and even suggest Helicobacter pylori as an important key factor in gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal events development. The well-established relationship between bacterial virulence and increased risk for peptic ulcer or gastric carcinoma is not so clear when comparing inflammation markers alterations, such C-reactive protein, with the pathogen.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of H.

Erratum: CHEK2 1100DELC germline mutation: a frequency study in hereditary breast and colon cancer Brazilian families.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1590/S0004-28032012000400008.

Impact of cell arrangement of pleural effusion in survival of patients with breast cancer.

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the potential influence of cytological differences between pleural effusions on the survival of women with metastatic breast cancer during 30 months of follow-up.

Study Design: A hospital-based cohort study was performed. Pleural fluid cytology slides from patients with breast cancer were examined.

Resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin of Helicobacter pylori isolated from Southern Brazil patients.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria which infects half the world population and is an important cause of gastric cancer. The eradication therapy is not always effective because resistance to antimicrobials may occur. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility profile of H.

No evidence of HPV DNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a population of Southern Brazil.

Aim: To investigate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in southern Brazil.

Methods: We studied 189 esophageal samples from 125 patients from three different groups: (1) 102 biopsies from 51 patients with ESCC, with one sample from the tumor and another from normal esophageal mucosa distant from the tumor; (2) 50 esophageal biopsies from 37 patients with a previous diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); and (3) 37 biopsies from esophageal mucosa with normal appearance from 37 dyspeptic patients, not exposed to smoking or alcohol consumption. Nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the MY09/11 and GP5/6 L1 primers was used to detect HPV L1 in samples fixed in formalin and stored in paraffin blocks.

CHEK2 1100DELC germline mutation: a frequency study in hereditary breast and colon cancer Brazilian families.

Context: CHEK2 encodes a cell cycle checkpoint kinase that plays an important role in the DNA damage repair pathway, activated mainly by ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated) in response to double-stranded DNA breaks. A germline mutation in CHEK2, 1100delC, has been described as a low penetrance allele in a significant number of families with breast and colorectal cancer in certain countries and is also associated with increased risk of contralateral breast cancer in women previously affected by the disease. About 5%-10% of all breast and colorectal cancers are associated with hereditary predisposition and its recognition is of great importance for genetic counseling and cancer risk management.

The role of urine cytology for 'decoy cells' as a screening tool in renal transplant recipients.

Objective: To determine the role of urine cytology for 'decoy cells' as a screening tool for polyomavirus type BK (BKV) infection in renal transplant recipients.

Study Design: This was a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing renal transplantation between 2006 and 2010.

Results: A total of 442 patients underwent urine cytology for decoy cells, 27.

Alimentary factors in the development of gastric intestinal metaplasia in functional dyspeptic patients.

Context: Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach is a lesion in which metaplasia of gastric epithelial cells occurs for an intestinal phenotype. Gastric intestinal metaplasia is a lesion associated with an increase in the risk of gastric carcinoma development. Epidemiologic studies indicate a relation between dietary habits and stomach cancer development, some habits increasing the risk for it, and others have a protective effect, suggesting that antioxidants, such as vitamins A, C, and E, decrease the risk of this type of cancer.

Clinical and pathological factors influencing the survival of breast cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the clinical and pathological factors that can influence the prognosis of breast cancer patients with clinical symptoms of malignant pleural effusion.

Methods: This was a clinical cohort study, in which we analyzed the medical charts of patients diagnosed with malignant pleural effusion between 2006 and 2010. By examining the charts, we identified the female patients with a history of breast cancer.

Helicobacter pylori eradication in functional dyspepsia: HEROES trial.

Background: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with functional dyspepsia continues to be a matter of debate. We studied eradication effects on symptoms and quality of life of primary care patients.

Methods: Helicobacter pylori -positive adult patients with functional dyspepsia meeting the Rome III International Consensus criteria were randomly assigned to receive omeprazole, amoxicillin trihydrate, and clarithromycin, or omeprazole plus placebo for 10 days.

Relationship between cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of gastric cancer: a case control study in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Context: Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. Although Helicobacter pylori has been classified as a class I carcinogen, the presence of infection is not a factor that alone is able to lead to gastric cancer, and one of the possible explanations for this is the existence of different strains of H. pylori with different degrees of virulence.

Frequency of the common germline MUTYH mutations p.G396D and p.Y179C in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in Southern Brazil.

Introduction: MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) is an autosomal recessive cancer predisposition syndrome associated with the development of colorectal tumors and colonic polyps at an early age. MAP syndrome is associated to germline biallelic mutations in the MUTYH gene which lead to deficient DNA repair through the base-excision repair system and accumulation of G:C→T:A transversions. Occurrence of such mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes drives colorectal carcinogenesis and is associated with the development of colonic polyps.

Identification of patients at-risk for Lynch syndrome in a hospital-based colorectal surgery clinic.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of a family history suggestive of Lynch syndrome (LS) among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) followed in a coloproctology outpatient clinic in Southern Brazil.

Methods: A consecutive sample of patients with CRC were interviewed regarding personal and family histories of cancer. Clinical data and pathology features of the tumor were obtained from chart review.

Digital morphometric characterization of mucosal surface lesion patterns under magnification colonoscopy.

Objective: To study quantified mucosal surface patterns of digitized colonoscopic images obtained with 17-40x magnification and chromoscopy of hyperplastic, adenomatous lesions and adenocarcinomas confirmed by histology.

Study Design: Morphometric measures were performed on at least 10 image files of each lesion and compared to normal mucosa at the same distance and area from each image. Thirty-seven hyperplastic lesions, 42 adenomas and 26 carcinomas from 105 patients were studied.

Association between paracoccidioidomycosis and cancer.

Objective: To analyze the association between paracoccidioidomycosis (Pcm) and cancer in a series of 25 cases and to review the literature on this topic.

Methods: A retrospective review of 25 cases diagnosed with Pcm and cancer, retrieved from a series of 808 consecutive adult patients diagnosed with Pcm based on tests conducted in the Mycology Laboratory of the Santa Casa Complexo Hospitalar, in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, between 1972 and 2007. The diagnosis of Pcm was confirmed by means of direct microscopic examination, histopathological examination or immunodiffusion test.

Detecting p53 immunoexpression in esophageal mucosa with exfoliative cytology in individuals at risk for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of p53 expression in cytologic smear collected by the RS Balloon in high-risk individuals, and test its yield in the cytologic screening of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE).

Study Design: Asymptomatic individuals at risk for SCCE underwent esophageal exfoliative cytology with the RS Balloon immediately followed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of unstained areas after iodine mucosal staining of the esophagus. For each patient, cytologic expression of p53 was compared with the worst endoscopic biopsy diagnosis and the histologic expression of p53.

Clinical and histomolecular endometrial tumor characterization of patients at-risk for Lynch syndrome in South of Brazil.

Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome caused by germline mutations in one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Clinically, Lynch syndrome is characterized by early onset (45 years) of colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as extra-colonic cancer. Male and female carriers of Lynch syndrome-associated mutations have different lifetime risks for CRC and in women endometrial cancer (EC) may be the most common tumor.

Morphometric digital measurement of the luminal opening area of colonic crypts (pits) can differentiate the adenomas from other colonic lesions.

Context: Differential diagnosis of hyperplastic vs adenomatous lesions is of crucial importance on the daily practice of colonoscopy.

Objectives: This study aimed at quantifying digital morphometric characteristics of colonoscopic images obtained with magnification and chromoscopy of three different types of colonic lesions: hyperplastic, adenomas and carcinomas, and the normal mucosa surrounding the lesions.

Methods: A total of 2,177 consecutive colonoscopies were analyzed and 105 images were chosen for analysis, divided into 37 hyperplastic lesions, 42 adenomas and 26 carcinomas.

Performance of computed tomographic colonography for the screening of colorectal polyp in acromegalic patients: a prospective study.

Context: Acromegalic patients have better chances to develop colorectal polyps and cancer and, considered a high-risk group, need to undergo frequent screening examinations. Moreover, in acromegalia, the increased bowel length and the intestinal loop complexity can lead to higher levels of technical difficulties and increase the risks of complications at conventional colonoscopy. Computed tomographic colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, is an innovative and secure technology which is revolutionizing the diagnosis of colon and rectum neoplasias.

Angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer: microvessel area in needle biopsy in vascular tumor density.

Objective: To evaluate angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through immunohistochemistry with CD34 and computerized image analysis comparing the microvessel area in needle biopsies and surgical specimens.

Study Design: Core biopsies and surgical specimens from 28 patients with NSCLC were reviewed. Microvessels were highlighted by immunohistochemistry with anti-CD34.

Polymorphic variation of mononucleotide microsatellites in healthy humans and its implication for microsatellite instability screening.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the sixth most common tumor and the fifth in mortality in Brazil. Molecular markers have been associated with disease prognosis, especially in relation to therapeutic response and overall survival rates. Among these, microsatellite instability has been extensively studied.

Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans accompanied by pulmonary hemosiderosis in childhood.

In the present report, we describe an unusual presentation of post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans accompanied by pulmonary hemosiderosis in a nine-year-old boy with persistent respiratory symptoms subsequent to an episode of acute bronchiolitis occurring at the age of seven months. After the episode, the persistent respiratory symptoms worsened significantly, and, by the age of seven, the patient began to have difficulty breathing after minimal exertion. Computed tomography of the chest presented findings consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans.