Structural and biochemical insights of xylose MFS and SWEET transporters in microbial cell factories: challenges to lignocellulosic hydrolysates fermentation.

The production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass requires the efficient conversion of glucose and xylose to ethanol, a process that depends on the ability of microorganisms to internalize these sugars. Although glucose transporters exist in several species, xylose transporters are less common. Several types of transporters have been identified in diverse microorganisms, including members of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) and Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) families.

Intragenic antimicrobial peptide Hs02 toxicity against leukemia cell lines is associated with increased expression of select pyroptotic components.

The anticancer potential of some antimicrobial peptides has been reported. Hs02 is a recently characterized Intragenic Antimicrobial Peptide (IAP), which was able to exhibit potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory action. In this study, we evaluate for the first time the antineoplastic potential of the Hs02 IAP using cell lines representing the main types of leukemia as cancer models.

Effect of rapid weight loss on mood states and burnout of Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes during a competitive process.

The current study aimed to analyze the psychological alterations resulting from rapid weight loss in the mood states and burnout of male Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes. For the purpose of this study, 31 Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes participated, divided into two groups (RWLG: rapid weight loss group and CG: control group). Data collections were performed at three moments (1: baseline, before weight loss; 2: weigh-in, during the official competition; and 3: recovery, 7 to 10 days after the competition), with application of the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ).

EasyGuide Plasmids Support in Vivo Assembly of gRNAs for CRISPR/Cas9 Applications in .

Most CRISPR/Cas9 applications in yeast rely on a plasmid-based expression of Cas9 and its guide RNA (gRNA) containing a 20-nucleotides (nts) spacer tailored to each genomic target. The lengthy assembly of this customized gRNA requires at least 3-5 days for its precloning in , purification, validation, and cotransformation with Cas9 into a yeast strain. Here, we constructed a series of 12 EasyGuide plasmids to simplify CRISPR/Cas9 applications in .

Exploratory Systematic Review of Mixed Martial Arts: An Overview of Performance of Importance Factors with over 20,000 Athletes.

This review aimed to analyze the findings in the literature related to Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) through an exploratory systematic review and to present the state of the art from a multifactorial perspective. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement, with a search performed in the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Participants were competitive athletes (amateurs or professionals) of regional, national, or international levels.

Machine learning and comparative genomics approaches for the discovery of xylose transporters in yeast.

Background: The need to mitigate and substitute the use of fossil fuels as the main energy matrix has led to the study and development of biofuels as an alternative. Second-generation (2G) ethanol arises as one biofuel with great potential, due to not only maintaining food security, but also as a product from economically interesting crops such as energy-cane. One of the main challenges of 2G ethanol is the inefficient uptake of pentose sugars by industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the main organism used for ethanol production.

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in prisons: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In the context of prisons, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major problem. In this article, we estimate the prevalence of MDR-TB among the population deprived of freedom from countries in South America, Europe, Asia and Africa.

Methods: The articles were retrieved through systematic search at four databases (EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS and MEDILINE).

Exploring metal ion metabolisms to improve xylose fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The development of high-performance xylose-fermenting yeast is essential to achieve feasible conversion of biomass-derived sugars in lignocellulose-based biorefineries. However, engineered C5-strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae still present low xylose consumption rates under anaerobic conditions. Here, we explore alternative metabolisms involved in metal homeostasis, which positively affect C5 fermentation and analyse the non-obvious regulatory network connection of both metabolisms using time-course transcriptome analysis.

Novel xylose transporter Cs4130 expands the sugar uptake repertoire in recombinant strains at high xylose concentrations.

Background: The need to restructure the world's energy matrix based on fossil fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions stimulated the development of new biobased technologies for renewable energy. One promising and cleaner alternative is the use of second-generation (2G) fuels, produced from lignocellulosic biomass sugars. A major challenge on 2G technologies establishment is the inefficient assimilation of the five-carbon sugar xylose by engineered strains, increasing fermentation time.

The Antioxidant Peptide Salamandrin-I: First Bioactive Peptide Identified from Skin Secretion of Salamandra Genus (Salamandra salamandra).

Amphibian skin is a multifunctional organ that plays key roles in defense, breathing, and water balance. In this study, skin secretion samples of the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) were separated using RP-HPLC and de novo sequenced using MALDI-TOF MS/MS. Next, we used an in silico platform to screen antioxidant molecules in the framework of density functional theory.

Effect of cyclic heat stress on thyroidal hormones, thyroid histology, and performance of two broiler strains.

This study determined thyroid hormone (T and T) serum levels and investigated thyroid gland histology, as well as two broiler strains performance kept at different periods of heat stress. Broilers (560 Cobb Slow™ and 560 Hubbard Flex™) were distributed in control environment (0) reared following the thermal recommendations, and environments 1, 2, and 3 exposed to high temperatures for 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h a day, respectively, from 14 to 42 days old. At 21, 28, 35, and 42 days old, blood samples were collected to determine T and T serum levels.

Tranylcypromine Plus Amitriptyline for Electroconvulsive Therapy-Resistant Depression: A Long-Term Study.

Background: Few therapeutic options are available for patients with electroconvulsive therapy-resistant major depressive disorder (ECT-r MDD), leaving a substantial proportion of this population beyond treatment possibilities. The combination of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants could be a potential strategy for managing ECT-r MDD, and the specific association of amitriptyline and tranylcypromine may offer additional tolerability advantages. Although promising, in our knowledge, no studies have examined until now the effectiveness of this combination in ECT-r MDD.

Physical fitness predicts technical-tactical and time-motion profile in simulated Judo and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu matches.

Background: Among combat sports, Judo and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) present elevated physical fitness demands from the high-intensity intermittent efforts. However, information regarding how metabolic and neuromuscular physical fitness is associated with technical-tactical performance in Judo and BJJ fights is not available. This study aimed to relate indicators of physical fitness with combat performance variables in Judo and BJJ.

Aripiprazole for patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: an open-label, randomized, study versus haloperidol.

Introduction: Aripiprazole, a dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist, has also partial agonist activity at serotonin (5-HT)1A receptors and antagonist activity at 5-HT2A receptors.

Methods: In this 8-week, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, open-label, flexible-dose study, patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomized to aripiprazole 15-30 mg/day or haloperidol 10-15 mg/day.

Results: Patients treated with both aripiprazole and haloperidol improved from baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total, positive, and negative scores as well as in Clinical Global Impressions scores (all P<.

Psychotropic drugs in the treatment of obesity: what promise?

Obesity is a chronic and highly prevalent medical condition associated with increased risk for the development of numerous and sometimes fatal diseases. Despite its severity, there are few anti-obesity agents available on the market. Although psychotropic agents are not approved for the treatment of obesity, they have been used by clinicians as a therapeutic tool in daily clinical practice.

The impact of psychiatric comorbidity on length of stay of medical inpatients.

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of psychiatric comorbidity (PC) on length of hospital stay (LOS) of medical inpatients. A prospective cohort study was conducted. A series of 317 medical inpatients consecutively admitted to the general medical wards of a University Hospital composed the sample, after excluding those who refused or who could not be evaluated due to their physical illnesses or treatments (n=78).

Topiramate use in obese patients with binge eating disorder: an open study.

Objective: To assess topiramate's efficacy and tolerability in a group of obese binge eaters with no neuropsychiatric comorbidity.

Method: We consecutively selected 8 obese patients with binge eating disorder (BED) and no medical or psychiatric comorbidity from individuals seeking treatment for obesity. Treatment with topiramate at 150 mg daily was administered over a 16-week period.