[History of medicine in the Amazon region. Disappearance of the shaman and Christianization of healing rituals among the tariano Indians, at the urban outskirts of Manaus].

A brief history of medicine in Amazonas: the end of shamanism and the progressive Christianisation of therapeutical rites among the Tarianos, in the suburbs of Manaus.

[Anatomic and surgical study of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and its involvement with the ligament of Berry].

Objective: To study the anatomical relations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) with the ligament of Berry (LB), and point out the different ways of presenting the relationship between these two structures.

Methods: We conducted a study with anterior cervical dissection of 22 corpses, in the years 2009 and 2010, with attention towards the frequency of presentation of anatomical relations between the NLR and Berry ligament, with the following classification: Type I or intraligamentary: the nerve and / or its branches were visualized in the ligament substance conjunctiva; Type IIA or lateral: nerve and / or its branches lateral to the ligament; Type IIB or lateral paraligamentary: nerve and / or its side branches and in contact with the ligament without penetrating it; Type III or medial: nerve and / or its branches visualized after complete dissection of the ligament, in lateral-medial position.

Results: The study analyzed 41 RLNs, which comprised eight (19.

The Sateré-Mawé community of Y'Apyrehyt: ritual and health on the urban outskirts of Manaus.

The Y'Apyrehyt community, one of three belonging to the Sateré-Mawé indigenous people found on the outskirts of Manaus, is located in a former nature reserve, the Parque das Seringueiras. The community comprises 67 people, adults and children, who live from the income obtained from tourists paying to see the Tucandeira Ant Ritual and from the sale of craftwork. Even with the Magic Oar - the puratin or poratig - displayed at the entrance to the community, only the Tucandeira Ant Ritual remains alive today.

[Tobacco: sacred and profane as regards smoke].

Blowing smoke was a sacred habit among the American Indian people in Brazil at the arrival of the first Europeans. That remains a practice of prevention and recovery among the remote people of Amazon and Rio Negro. Addiction to smoking was propagated by Nicot in Europe for the pleasure it procures but it became such real plague of the modern society that every country has to struggle against its given attractive image of a way of life.

Relation between the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the superior thyroid artery: a study in 101 nerves.

Objective: This paper aims to propose a protocol with the topographical relations of the ESLN and the superior thyroid artery in order to minimize the number of flaws in the proposals found in the literature.

Methods: the cervical regions of 57 human cadavers from the Forensic Medicine Institute were dissected bilaterally, with photographic identification of the ESLNs and their relation to the superior thyroid artery. These data were used to propose the following classification: Type 1: unidentified ESLN; Type 2: the ESLN crosses the superior thyroid artery 1.

[Pajé: reconstruction and survival].

On the Brazilian coast and in the Amazon, pajés played a role in the resolution of problems from the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries, although curing diseases was only one of their functions. Colonial laws were designed to ensure the legitimacy of the conquest, and right from their earliest long-term contacts with the natives, missionaries and settlers saw the pajés as major roadblocks to proposed changes. Therefore, from the times of the colony through the empire and the republic, ecclesiastic and lay leaders worked together to bring about the physical and moral downfall of the pajés.

[The strength of the shaman in Brazilian colonial medicine of the XVI and XVIII centuries].

The strategy of the colonial conquest of Brazil by the Portuguese, between the XVI and XVIII centuries was linked to the complex set of political, economic and military forces from the Metropolis and the Church. In the first contacts with the Indian populations, on the coast, the colonizing elements, chiefly, the religious ones, perceived the extraordinary importance of the Indian shaman in the organizational structure of the autochthonous populations. Thus, the physical and moral destruction of the Indian shaman and his substitution by healing doctors and priests had become a fundamental part of the plans designed by the Metropolis and the Church in consolidating the territorial conquest.