Slash and burn management and permanent or rotation agroforestry systems: A comparative study for C sequestration by century model simulation.

Understanding the effects of agroforestry systems (AFs) on soil organic carbon (SOC) requires long-term experiments, but scenarios simulations can anticipate the potential of these systems to sequester or lose carbon (C). This study aimed to simulate the SOC dynamics in slash and burn management (BURN) and AFs using the Century model. Data from a long-term experiment implemented in the Brazilian semiarid region were used to simulate SOC dynamics under BURN and AFs situations, and the natural vegetation (NV) "Caatinga" as a reference.

Nitazoxanide in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Multicentre, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Nitazoxanide exerts antiviral activity and and anti-inflammatory effects, but its impact on patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia is uncertain.

Methods: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 19 hospitals in Brazil. Hospitalized adult patients requiring supplemental oxygen, with COVID-19 symptoms and a chest computed tomography scan suggestive of viral pneumonia or positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19 were enrolled.

NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES: A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics.

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data.

Ecological release in lizard endoparasites from the Atlantic Forest, northeast of the Neotropical Region.

We compared lizard endoparasite assemblages between the Atlantic Forest and naturally isolated forest enclaves to test the ecological release hypothesis, which predicts that host specificity should be lower (large niche breadth) and parasite abundance should be greater for parasites from isolated forest enclaves (poor assemblages) than for parasites from the coastal Atlantic Forest (rich assemblages). Parasite richness per specimen showed no difference between the isolated and non-isolated areas. Parasite abundance did not differ between the isolated and non-isolated areas but showed a positive relationship with parasite richness considering all areas (isolated and non-isolated).

False-negative result of serum cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay in an HIV-infected patient with culture-proven cryptococcaemia.

The detection of cryptococcal capsular antigen (CrAg) is very sensitive and specific, however false-negative results have been reported, mostly in cerebrospinal fluid. We report the case of an HIV-infected patient with CD4 = 42 cells/mL, asthenic, negative serum CrAg lateral flow assay (LFA) and culture-proven cryptococcaemia. Despite the high accuracy of LFA, false-negative result is possible.

Prospective cohort of AIDS patients screened for cryptococcal antigenaemia, pre-emptively treated and followed in Brazil.

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis has a high morbidity and mortality among AIDS population. Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) detection is considered an independent predictor for meningitis and death. Since 2011, the World Health Organization recommends CrAg screening for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) with CD4 counts <100-200 cells/μl.

Infestation by Chiggers ( Hannemania sp.) of Miranda's White-lipped Frog ( Leptodactylus macrosternum) from a Semiarid, Neotropic Region of Brazil.

We identified Miranda's white-lipped frog ( Leptodactylus macrosternum) as a new host for chiggers ( Hannemania sp.). A total of 57 larvae of Hannemania sp.

Disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS patients: an urban disease. Experience in a metropolis in the middle east of Brasil.

Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease commonly observed as an opportunistic disease in AIDS patients. It is a neglected disease in many countries, particularly Latin America, including Brazil. It is related with environmental factors, even in urban areas, where the incidence has increased.

Antibacterial, modulatory activity of antibiotics and toxicity from Rhinella jimi (Stevaux, 2002) (Anura: Bufonidae) glandular secretions.

The increase in microorganisms with resistance to medications has caused a strong preoccupation within the medical and scientific community. Animal toxins studies, such as parotoid glandular secretions from amphibians, possesses a great potential in the development of drugs, such as antimicrobials, as these possess bioactive compounds. It was evaluated Rhinella jimi (Stevaux, 2002) glandular secretions against standard and multi-resistant bacterial strains; the effect of secretions combined with drugs; and determined the toxicity using two biologic in vivo models, and a in vitro model with mice livers.

A new species of Parapharyngodon (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) infecting Dermatonotus muelleri (Anura: Microhylidae) from Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil.

Parapharyngodon silvoi n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) is described from the large and small intestine of the Muller's termite frog Dermatonotus muelleri (Boettger, 1885) from the biome Caatinga, Exu municipality, Pernambuco State, Brazil, Dermatonotus muelleri is a fossorial species with a specialized termite diet, and feeding and reproductive behavior occurring only during the wet season.

Mycobacterium sherrisii Lung Infection in a Brazilian Patient with Silicosis and a History of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) diseases became relevant with the emergence and spread of HIV and are also related to lung infection in non-HIV individuals with structural lung diseases. Mycobacterium sherrisii is a NTM first characterized in 2004. Only a few cases have been reported.

Herpetic esophagitis in immunocompetent medical student.

Esophagitis caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) is often documented during periods of immunosuppression in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); it is rare in immunocompetent diagnosed patients. Case reports of herpetic esophagitis in students of health sciences are extremely rare. The disease presents with a clinical picture characterized by acute odynophagia and retrosternal pain without obvious causes and ulcers, evidenced endoscopically in the middistal esophagus.

Tuberculosis deaths in a tertiary hospital in Goiânia, Brazil: a descriptive study.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious global public health problem, being the main cause of death in patients with AIDS, and the third cause of death by infectious diseases throughout the world. This is somewhat surprising because TB is a disease that, if treated properly, displays high rates of healing. It is therefore important to characterise these patients to identify target populations for specific measures seeking to reduce TB deaths.

Immunogenicity of a fusion protein containing immunodominant epitopes of Ag85C, MPT51, and HspX from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice and active TB infection.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem. The only vaccine against tuberculosis, attenuated Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), has demonstrated relatively low efficacy and does not provide satisfactory protection against the disease in adults. More effective vaccines and better therapies are urgently needed to reduce the global spread of TB.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in a tertiary care hospital in Midwestern Brazil.

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB), and HIV TB coinfection is associated with higher mortality. This study aimed to characterize patients coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV in a reference centre for cases involving complications or drug resistance in TB. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a Hospital for Tropical Diseases in the state of Goiás, Midwestern Brazil.

Clinical data and molecular analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Goiás, Brazil.

Drug resistance is one of the major concerns regarding tuberculosis (TB) infection worldwide because it hampers control of the disease. Understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for drug resistance development is of the highest importance. To investigate clinical data from drug-resistant TB patients at the Tropical Diseases Hospital, Goiás (GO), Brazil and to evaluate the molecular basis of rifampin (R) and isoniazid (H) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Splenic rupture in dengue hemorrhagic fever: report of a case and review.

Dengue is currently the most important arboviral disease in the world, particularly in tropical countries in which the environmental conditions favor the development and proliferation of the mosquito vector. Dengue hemorrhagic fever presents in two phases: an initial phase, which is characterized by sudden onset of fever and a variety of nonspecific signs and symptoms, and a critical phase, which is characterized by the recovery from fever and development of hemorrhagic symptoms and circulatory insufficiency. This report documents a case of splenic rupture in a patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever who developed hypovolemic shock and subsequently died.

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a case report and literature review.

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is an emerging health problem that threatens tuberculosis (TB) control worldwide, since suitable treatment for this disease has not yet been found. We report a case of secondary pulmonary XDR-TB in a 54-year-old, HIV-negative male from Goiânia, Brazil. The patient had long-standing pulmonary tuberculosis (nine years) with extensive bilateral lung damage and had been treated with multiple antituberculosis drugs (self-administered) before XDR-TB diagnosis.

Cellular responses to MPT-51, GlcB and ESAT-6 among MDR-TB and active tuberculosis patients in Brazil.

Multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB) may result from either insufficiency of the host cellular immune response or mycobacterial mechanisms of resistance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes from MDR-TB patients are poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate CD4+IFN-gamma+, CD4+IL-10+, CD8(+)IFN-gamma+ and CD8+IL-10+ cell populations by flow cytometry in non-resistant TB and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients from mid-central Brazil after stimulation with MPT-51, GlcB and ESAT-6 recombinant antigens from M.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: case reports study in a central state of Brazil.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an emerging and worrisome health problem that threatens tuberculosis (TB) control worldwide. The clinical management of MDR-TB is a complex issue associated with the use of multiple drugs for a long period, usually accompanied by side effects and high costs. The objective of this work was to relate cases of MDR-TB occurring in Goiás, a central state of Brazil.

Metastatic cancer to the stomach.

Background: Metastases in the stomach are rare. The increased use of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), associated with better treatment results for malignancies, requires them to be acknowledged. The aim of this study was to describe a series of cases of metastasis to the stomach, their primary sites, clinical and endoscopic features, treatment, and results.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and Mycobacterium leprae co-infection: HIV-1 subtypes and clinical, immunologic, and histopathologic profiles in a Brazilian cohort.

Co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium leprae represent unique opportunities to investigate the interaction of both pathogens. We determined the immunologic, virologic, and histopathologic characteristics of 22 co-infected Brazilian patients (median age = 38 years, 81.8% males, 72.