Real-Time Pharmacovigilance: Transforming Population-Based Monitoring of Post-Approval Vaccine Safety Through Rapid Cycle Analysis (RCA)-A Review of the Published Literature.

: Rapid cycle analysis (RCA) is an established and efficient methodology that has been traditionally utilized by United States health authorities to monitor post-approval vaccine safety. Initially developed in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) in early 2000s, RCA has evolved into a valuable approach for timely post-approval signal detection. Due to the availability of additional near real-time data sources and enhanced analytic approaches, the use of RCA has expanded.

Costs and impact of disease in adults with sickle cell disease: a pilot study.

We assessed the feasibility to estimate illness burden in adults with SCD, investigated factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and estimated societal burden. We recruited 32 participants and collected data on fatigue, HRQoL, and work productivity and activity impairment via patient survey. Health care utilization was abstracted for the 12 months before enrollment using medical chart review.

Test-retest reliability of a mobile application of the patient reported outcomes burdens and experiences (PROBE) study.

Introduction: The Patient Reported Outcomes, Burdens, and Experiences (PROBE) questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome tool that assesses quality of life and disease burden in people with haemophilia (PWH).

Aim: To assesses the test-retest reliability of PROBE when completed using the mobile phone application.

Methods: We recruited PWH, including carriers, and individuals with no bleeding disorders who attended haemophilia-related workshops or via social media.

Rotavirus Genotypes in the Postvaccine Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Global, Regional, and Temporal Trends by Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction.

Background: Even moderate differences in rotavirus vaccine effectiveness against nonvaccine genotypes may exert selective pressures on circulating rotaviruses. Whether this vaccine effect or natural temporal fluctuations underlie observed changes in genotype distributions is unclear.

Methods: We systematically reviewed studies reporting rotavirus genotypes from children <5 years of age globally between 2005 and 2023.

Trends in prescribing practices for management of haemophilia: 1999-2021.

Introduction: People with haemophilia rely on specialists for their care, yet the specific dosing regimens of treatments prescribed by these specialists have not been widely studied.

Aim: The objective of this study is to describe trends in clinician prescribing practices for the management of haemophilia in the United States (US).

Methods: We administered surveys to members of the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Society via paper surveys at its in-person annual symposia in 1999 and 2015, and an online survey in 2021.

Depression and anxiety in persons with Von Willebrand disease.

Objective: We assessed sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with depression and anxiety in individuals with Von Willebrand disease (VWD) aged ≥12 years.

Methods: The study collected data on patients' sociodemographic, joint problems and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using EQ-5D-3L, 8-item patient health questionnaire for depression and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire from participants in seven geographically diverse US haemophilia treatment centres.

Results: Analyses included 77 participants.

Impact of mepolizumab in patients with high-burden severe asthma within a managed care population.

Objective: To evaluate the real-world impact of mepolizumab on the incidence of asthma exacerbations, oral corticosteroid (OCS) use and asthma exacerbation-related costs in patients with high-burden severe asthma.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Databases in patients with high-burden severe asthma (≥80th percentile of total healthcare expenditure and/or significant comorbidity burden). Patients were ≥12 years of age upon mepolizumab initiation (index date November 1, 2015-December 31, 2018) and had ≥2 mepolizumab administrations during the 6 months post-index.

Comorbidities, Health-Related Quality of Life, Health-care Utilization in Older Persons with Hemophilia-Hematology Utilization Group Study Part VII (HUGS VII).

Purpose: We compare the impact of hemophilia on comorbidities, joint problems, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health-care utilization between two age groups: 40-49 years and ≥50 years.

Patients And Methods: The HUGS VII study recruited persons with hemophilia A or B age ≥40 years. Participants completed surveys to collect data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, hemophilia treatment regimen, pain, joint problems, comorbidities, HRQoL, depression and anxiety, at baseline and 6-months later.

Real-world effectiveness of mepolizumab in patients with severe asthma and associated comorbidities.

Background: Patients with severe asthma frequently have associated comorbidities, which can compound existing symptoms, complicating asthma management.

Objective: To describe the real-world effectiveness of mepolizumab in patients with severe asthma stratified by common overlapping comorbidities.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients with asthma from the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Database initiating mepolizumab treatment (index date).

Validation of a prospective mortality prediction score for hip fracture patients.

Purpose: Although mortality prediction tools are the subject of significant interest as components of comprehensive hip fracture protocols, few have been applied or validated to prospectively inform ongoing patient management. Five regional hospitals are currently generating real-time mortality risk scores for all adults at the time of admission using available laboratory and comorbidity data (Cowen et al. J Hosp Med 9(11):720-726, 2014).

Descriptive analysis of real-world medication use pattern of statins and antiplatelet agents among patients with acute coronary syndrome in Hong Kong and the USA.

Objectives: The objective was to explore the differences in medication use pattern of lipid-lowering drug (LLD) and antiplatelet agents among post-percutaneous coronary intervention patients with acute coronary syndrome aged <65 in Hong Kong (HK) and the USA.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: This study used deidentified claims data from Clinformatics Data Mart database (OptumInsight, Eden Prairie, Minnesota, USA) and electronic health records from HK Hospital Authority Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System database.

Rewarding healthy behaviors--pay patients for performance.

Despite a considerable investment of resources into pay for performance, preliminary studies have found that it may not be significantly more effective in improving health outcome measures when compared with voluntary quality improvement programs. Because patient behaviors ultimately affect health outcomes, I would propose a novel pay-for-performance program that rewards patients directly for achieving evidence-based health goals. These rewards would be in the form of discounts towards co-payments for doctor's visits, procedures, and medications, thereby potentially reducing cost and compliance issues.

Self-reported barriers to hemophilia care in people with factor VIII deficiency.

Background: In 1975, a national network of hemophilia treatment centers (HTCs) was created to increase access to healthcare services for individuals with hemophilia. Studies demonstrate that care in HTCs improves outcomes and reduces costs.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to assess the association of demographic, insurance, and clinical characteristics with self-reported barriers to HTC utilization.

Cost-effectiveness of Prostate Health Index for prostate cancer detection.

Objective: • To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early prostate cancer detection with the Beckman Coulter Prostate Health Index (phi) (not currently available in the USA) adding to the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test compared with the PSA test alone from the US societal perspective.

Patients And Methods: • Phi was developed as a combination of PSA, free PSA, and a PSA precursor form [-2]proPSA to calculate the probability of prostate cancer and was used as an aid in distinguishing prostate cancer from benign prostatic conditions for men with a borderline PSA test (e.g.

Proximal tibia and fibula fragility fracture complicated by anticoagulation and demand-mediated myocardial infarction.

We present for discussion a case of a right displaced proximal metaphyseal tibial fracture with intraarticular extension and a same-level proximal fibula fracture with severe degenerative arthritis in a medically complex 89 year old community dwelling woman with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, right lower extremity deep venous thrombosis 1 month prior to this admission on warfarin, obesity, peripheral vascular disease, and previous stroke. Her course is complicated by demand-mediated myocardial infarction. This case demonstrates that comanagement can lead to minimal delays and a satisfactory outcome in a complex, high-risk patient.

Nonadherence to clinical practice guidelines and medications for multiple chronic conditions in a California Medicaid population.

Objectives: To assess and profile quality of care in California Medicaid beneficiaries with chronic conditions.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: California from 2002 to 2004.

Longitudinal changes in visual acuity and health-related quality of life: the Los Angeles Latino Eye study.

Purpose: To examine the association between longitudinal changes in visual acuity (VA) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a population-based sample of adult Latinos.

Design: A population-based cohort study of eye disease in Latinos.

Participants: We included 3169 adult Latino participants who live in the city of La Puente, California.

The increased cost of medical services for people diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma: a decision analytic approach.

Purpose: Glaucoma accounts for more than 11% of all cases of blindness in the United States, but there have been few studies of economic impact. We examine incremental cost of primary open-angle glaucoma considering both visual and nonvisual medical costs over a lifetime of glaucoma.

Design: A decision analytic approach taking the payor's perspective with microsimulation estimation.

Integration of acupuncture into family medicine teaching clinics.

Objectives: As growing numbers of patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), improvement is needed in communication between providers of CAM and allopathic medicine. This study describes collaborative acupuncture clinics (CACs) run by providers from Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) and the Oregon College of Oriental Medicine (OCOM) in the setting of family medicine teaching clinics. It examines patient demographics, quality of education for medical learners, referral practices of primary care physicians (PCPs), and quality of communication between acupuncturists and PCPs at these clinics.

The relationship between gender and postconcussion symptoms after sport-related mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: The authors sought to define the relationship between gender and postconcussion symptoms (PCSx) at 3 months after sport-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and, further, to examine whether age (minors vs. adults), source of PCSx reporting (self-reported vs. proxy), previous head injury or loss of consciousness, or the sport type in which the mTBI was incurred explain any observed gender differences in PCSx.

Evaluating use patterns of and adherence to medications for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Purpose: We investigated adherence to benign prostatic hyperplasia medications in a California Medicaid population.

Materials And Methods: Using California Medicaid data on 1995 to 2004 we identified adult males 40 years old or older with 1 or more diagnosis and 2 or more prescription fills for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Patients with 2 fills on the same day were assigned to the multiple medication cohort.