Identifying fatal poisonings using child fatality review, poison centre and death certificate data in the USA.

Background: Three sources used for poisoning surveillance-child fatality reviews (CFRs), poison centre (PC) calls and death certificates-employ disparate data methodologies. Our study objectives were to (1) characterise the number of fatalities captured by CFRs and PC data compared with death certificates by age and (2) compare demographic and substance characteristics of fatalities captured by the three sources.

Methods: We acquired CFR data from the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System (NFR-CRS), PC calls from the National Poison Data System (NPDS) and death certificate data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) on poisoning fatalities among children 0-17 years old between 2005 and 2020.

A feasibility study on the virtual adaptation of Child Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care.

Childhood behavioral problems are common; despite evidence that parenting interventions improve outcomes, the use of these programs is limited. Virtual delivery may ameliorate attendance barriers, but little is known on the acceptability and feasibility of virtual group parenting interventions. This mixed-methods study explored the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of the virtual delivery of a parenting intervention, Child Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care (PriCARE) among 18 caregivers and 8 facilitators.

Binocular Visual Field Loss and Crash Risk: An eFOVID Population-Based Study.

Purpose: Visual field loss poses a high personal cost to those affected, significantly impacting activities of daily living, including driving. However, there is conflicting evidence on the association between visual field loss and crash risk. This study examined the association between severity and location of binocular visual field loss and motor vehicle crashes in older adults aged 50+, using linked population data over a 29-year study period.

Variation in Use of Neuroimaging in the Care of Infants Undergoing Subspecialty Evaluations for Abuse: A Multicenter Study.

Objectives: 1) To quantify hospital-level variation in use of neuroimaging to screen for intracranial injury (ICI) among infants without overt signs or symptoms of head trauma undergoing subspecialty evaluations for physical abuse; 2) to assess for disproportionality in neuroimaging based on race and ethnicity and insurance type.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of infants age <12 months receiving subspecialty child abuse evaluations from February 2021 to December 2022 at 10 sites in CAPNET, a multicenter child abuse research network. Infants were included if they underwent a skeletal survey and lacked overt signs of possible ICI or blunt head injury.

Development and Validation of a Novel Night-Time Hazard Visibility Test.

Purpose: Night-time driving is dangerous, with increased crash rates, particularly involving vulnerable road users. A Night-Time Hazard Visibility Test (NHVT) was developed and validated by exploring the effects of refractive and cataract blur on performance.

Methods: The NHVT comprised video clips of night-time roads from the driver's perspective, including different hazards (pedestrians, cyclists, and vehicles).

Normative trajectories of extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid during childhood and adolescence defined in a clinically-acquired MRI dataset.

Background: Extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid (eaCSF) refers to the CSF in the subarachnoid spaces that surrounds the brain parenchyma. Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space (BESS), a condition marked by increased eaCSF thickness, has been associated with macrocephaly and may be associated with subdural collections. However, diagnosis of BESS is complicated by the lack of age-specific normative data which hinders rigorous investigation of its clinical associations.

Yield of skeletal surveys in national network of child abuse pediatricians: Age is key.

Background: Skeletal surveys (SS) are recommended for the evaluation of suspected physical abuse in children <2 years old. No guidelines exist for SS completion in children between 2 and 5 years old.

Objective: To determine rates of SS completion by age and examine variables associated with occult fracture identification in older children.

Association between neighborhood greenspace and child protective services involvement.

Background: Child maltreatment and child protective service (CPS) involvement negatively impacts families, and disproportionately impact families of color. Urban neighborhood greenspace is associated with improved mental health and decreased community violence, however correlations between greenspace and CPS involvement have not been evaluated.

Objective: To examine the association between greenspace and CPS involvement.

Visual field loss and falls requiring hospitalisation: results from the eFOVID study.

Background: Visual fields are important for postural stability and ability to manoeuvre around objects.

Objective: Examine the association between visual field loss and falls requiring hospitalisation in adults aged 50 +.

Methods: Older adults aged 50+ with and without visual field loss were identified using a fields database obtained from a cross-section of ophthalmologists' practices in Western Australia (WA).

Emergency Department Triage Chief Complaints Among Children Evaluated for Physical Abuse Concerns.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to describe chief complaints provided at emergency department triage for young children ultimately given a diagnosed with injuries concerning for physical abuse and compare chief complaints by hospital child protection team assessment (abuse most likely, accident most likely, undetermined) among children younger than 2 years who were the subject of a report to child protective services.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of children evaluated by the child protection team at an urban children's hospital over a 5-year period. Children younger than 2 years who were the subject of a report to child protective services for suspected physical abuse were included.

Prevalence, associated risk factors; and patient and economic impact of multiple sensory impairment in a multi-ethnic elderly population in Singapore: the PIONEER study.

Background: To determine the prevalence, risk factors; and impact on patient health and economic outcomes across the laterality spectrum of multiple sensory impairment (MSI) in a multi-ethnic older Asian population.

Methods: In this population-based study of Singaporeans aged ≥ 60 years, MSI was defined as concomitant vision (visual acuity > 0.3 logMAR), hearing (pure-tone air conduction average > 25 dB), and olfactory (score < 12 on the Sniffin' Sticks test) impairments across the spectrum of laterality (any, unilateral, combination [of unilateral and bilateral], and bilateral).

"Instead of just taking my baby, they could've actually given me a chance": Experiences with plans of safe care among birth parents impacted by perinatal substance use.

Background: Federal legislation mandates healthcare providers to notify child protective service (CPS) agencies and offer a voluntary care plan called a "plan of safe care" (POSC) for all infants born affected by prenatal substance use. While POSCs aim to provide supportive services for families impacted by substance use, little is known about birth parents' perceptions and experiences.

Objective: To examine birth parents' perceptions and experiences regarding POSC.

Development, contributions, and future directions of a multicenter child abuse research network.

CAPNET is a multicenter child abuse pediatrics research network developed to support research that will make the medical care of potentially abused children more effective, safe, and fair. CAPNET currently collects detailed clinical data from child physical abuse evaluations from 11 leading pediatric centers across the U.S.

Child Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care (PriCARE) theory of change: A promising intervention to reduce child maltreatment.

Child maltreatment (CM) is a pervasive public health problem and there is a critical need for brief, effective, scalable prevention programs. Because problematic parent-child relationships lie at the core of CM, interventions targeting this relationship hold promise as CM prevention strategies. Evidence-based positive parenting interventions, as discussed here, are manualized behavioral interventions that focus on teaching caregivers positive parenting skills and techniques to improve the effectiveness of their parenting and improve their relationship with their child.

Racial and ethnic disparities in diagnostic imaging for child physical abuse.

Importance: Racial bias may affect occult injury testing decisions for children with concern for abuse.

Objectives: To determine the association of race on occult injury testing decisions at children's hospitals.

Design: In this retrospective study, we measured disparities in: (1) the proportion of visits for which indicated diagnostic imaging studies for child abuse were obtained; (2) the proportion of positive tests.

Integrating Social Care Into a Specialized Medical Home for Sex-Trafficked Youth.

After a series of meetings between medical personnel and community stakeholders, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia successfully launched the Adolescent Protection Collaborative in July 2021. This novel clinic created a specialized medical home for sex-trafficked youth. The clinic was staffed by a core team of child abuse pediatrics and adolescent medicine physicians and a social worker who provided coordinated evaluations and same-day services, followed by ongoing long-term care.

Hyperopia in schoolchildren: Investigating the impact on vision and determining appropriate methods for screening.

Introduction: Hyperopia is associated with reduced vision and educational outcomes in schoolchildren. This study explored the impact of clinically significant hyperopia (≥+2.00 D) on visual function in schoolchildren and compared the ability of different screening tests (alone and in combination) to detect this level of hyperopia.

Yield of Postmortem Skeletal Surveys in Infants Presenting to Emergency Care With Sudden and Unexpected Death.

Objectives: Child abuse should be considered in cases of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID). Postmortem skeletal surveys (PM-SS) are recommended to evaluate for abusive fractures in SUID. Little is known about the yield of PM-SS among infants presenting to emergency care with SUID.

Optical Coherence Tomography-Derived Measurements of the Optic Nerve Head Structure of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children.

Prcis: This study demonstrated significant differences in optic nerve head characteristics in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children compared with non-Indigenous children, which has implications for glaucoma risk and diagnosis in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the optic nerve head (ONH) characteristics of visually normal Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and non-Indigenous Australian children.

Materials And Methods: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging was performed on the right eye of 95 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and 149 non-Indigenous Australian children (5-18 years).