Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: To examine the global prevalence and major risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) among people with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: A pooled analysis using individual participant data from population-based studies around the world was performed. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify all population-based studies in general populations or individuals with diabetes who had ascertained DR from retinal photographs.

Retinal microvascular calibre and risk of incident diabetes: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.

Aim: To prospectively examine the association of retinal microvascular signs with incident diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in a multi-ethnic population-based cohort.

Methods: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis comprised Caucasians, African-Americans, Hispanics and Chinese aged 45-84 years. Retinal vascular calibre and retinopathy were quantified from baseline retinal photographs.

Retinal arteriolar narrowing and subsequent development of CKD Stage 3: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Background: Microvascular disease is a major pathogenic factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in persons with diabetes, but the role of microvascular disease in the development of CKD in the general population is unclear. The aim of this study is to examine whether microvascular disease precedes the development of CKD stage 3 in participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Study Design: Population-based cohort study.

Orbital fibrosis and intraocular recurrence of retinoblastoma following periocular carboplatin.

A 5-month-old infant with bilateral advanced retinoblastoma underwent six cycles of systemic chemotherapy. In an attempt to salvage the second eye, three serial injections of periocular carboplatin were given for persistent vitreous seeding. Following the third injection, the patient developed periocular ecchymosis and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal signal characteristics at the site of injection.