Understanding Fijian health system challenges in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in the three tertiary hospitals in Fiji.

Mother-to-child transmission is the most common route of human immunodeficiency virus transmission in children, which could be prevented with proper treatment and access to care. Health system challenges can impede the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes. We aim to understand the health system challenges to the provision of PMTCT services for pregnant women in three tertiary hospitals in Fiji.

The Legal Needs of People Living with a Sexually Transmissible Infection or Blood-Borne Virus: Perspectives From a Sample of the Australian Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Workforce.

Law and the legal environment are important factors in the epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and blood-borne viruses (BBVs). However, there has been no sustained effort to monitor the legal environment surrounding STIs and BBVs. This article presents the first data on the incidence and impacts of unmet legal needs for those affected by an STI or BBV in Australia using a survey administered to a sample of the Australian sexual health and BBV workforce.

Practice development amidst a pandemic: a pilot programme to develop leadership in infection prevention and control professionals.

Purpose: This paper aims to describe the design and evaluation of a pilot leadership development programme for infection prevention and control (IPAC) professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The programme's aim was to improve IPAC knowledge and capacity in the health-care system by developing the leadership skills and capacities of novice and advanced Infection Control Professionals (ICPs), to respond flexibly, and competently, in their expanding and ever-changing roles.

Design/methodology/approach: The leadership programme was piloted with seven nurses, who were part of a clinical nursing team in New South Wales, Australia, over a 12-month period between 2021 and 2022.

Understanding the relationship between the public sector healthcare workers and NGO-based HIV counsellors while providing HIV counselling and testing services to pregnant women: A Qualitative Study in Suva, Fiji.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counselling and testing plays a significant role in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. HIV counselling and testing during pregnancy is an essential gateway for HIV prevention, timely treatment, and care services. Lack of proper counselling could jeopardise the quality of services.

A systematic review of cost and well-being in hip and knee replacements surgical site infections.

This systematic review examined peer-reviewed literature published from 2010 to 2020 to investigate the health care system costs, hidden out-of-pocket expenses and quality of life impact of surgical site infections (SSIs) and to develop an overall summary of the burden they place on patients. SSI can significantly impact patients' treatment experience and quality of life. Understanding patients' SSI-related burden may assist in developing more effective strategies aimed at lessening the effects of SSI in financial and well-being consequences.

Adapting community child and family health service models for rural and other diverse settings: A modified Delphi study to identify key elements.

Inequity in health outcomes is pervasive, with poorer health outcomes identified in rural, regional and remote communities. An international call to action emphasises the need for service models adapted for less well-resourced settings. The aim of this study was to identify key elements of a framework for the adaptation of specialist community-based child and family health (CFH) service models for rural and other under-resourced settings.

Development of a framework for the collaborative adaptation of service models for child and family health in diverse settings (CASCADES).

The impact of health service access disparities has significant implications for society. The importance of addressing health and social inequities is never more critical than in the early years of a child's life. Despite advances in healthcare implementation, there is a lack of an evidence-based framework to specifically guide the adaptation of child and family health (CFH) service models for different community contexts.

Falling through the cracks: the invisible hospital cleaning workforce.

Purpose: This paper explores the role of hospital cleaners and their contribution to healthcare safety. Few studies have examined the activities and input of hospital cleaners, rendering them largely invisible in healthcare research. Yet, as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has demonstrated, this sizeable workforce carries out tasks critical to healthcare facilities and wider health system functioning.

Bureaucracy and burden: An Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis of social welfare policy with consequences for carers of people with life-limiting illness.

Background: For informal carers of people with life-limiting illness, social welfare policy related to income support and housing has been associated with varied psychosocial issues, yet remains relatively under-explored. An intersectional approach offers potential to illuminate diverse experiences and implications.

Aim: To explore the way in which caring in the context of life-limiting illness is framed within welfare policy, to articulate inequities encountered by carers, and to identify policy and practice recommendations.

'Smiles and laughter and all those really great things': Nurses' perceptions of good experiences of care for inpatient children and young people with intellectual disability.

Aim: To understand what constitutes a good experience of care for inpatient children and young people with intellectual disability as perceived by nursing staff.

Design: Interpretive qualitative study.

Methods: Focus groups with clinical nursing staff from speciality neurological/neurosurgical and adolescent medicine wards across two specialist tertiary children's hospitals in Australia were conducted between March and May 2021.

Conceptual foundations of organizational structure: re-structuring of women's health services.

Purpose: Researchers often debate health service structure. Understanding of the practical implications of this debate is often limited by researchers' neglect to integrate participants' views on structural options with discourses those views represent. As a case study, this paper aims to discern the extent to which and how conceptual underpinnings of stakeholder views on women's health contextualize different positions in the debate over the ideal structure of health services.

Codesigning patient experience measures for and with children and young people with intellectual disability: a study protocol.

Introduction: Children and young people with intellectual disability represent one of the most vulnerable groups in healthcare, yet they remain under-represented in projects to design, develop and/or improve healthcare service delivery. Increasingly, healthcare services are using various codesign and coproduction methodologies to engage children and young people in service delivery improvements.

Methods And Analysis: This study employs an inclusive approach to the study design and execution, including two co-researchers who are young people with intellectual disability on the project team.

Caring and Grieving in the Context of Social and Structural Inequity: Experiences of Australian Carers With Social Welfare Needs.

Caring for and bereavement following the death of someone with a life-limiting illness may precipitate social welfare needs related to income support and housing. Nevertheless, carer experiences of welfare policy and institutions have not received significant attention. This qualitative study explored experiences of carers who navigated social welfare policy while caring for someone with a life-limiting illness, and in bereavement.

Inequities in quality and safety outcomes for hospitalized children with intellectual disability.

Aim: To investigate if there are inequities in quality and safety outcomes for children with intellectual disability admitted to two tertiary paediatric hospitals.

Method: A cross-sectional study of 1367 admissions for 1018 randomly selected patients admitted for more than 23 hours to one of two tertiary children's hospitals in Sydney, Australia (1st January-31st December 2017). Electronic medical records were manually interrogated to identify children with intellectual disability (including developmental delay).

Shoulder dystocia: A panic station or an opportunity for post-traumatic growth?

Background: Traumatic births are considered as challenging events in the professional life of midwives. Negative emotional and psychological consequences of these births on midwives are well-established. However, evidence suggests that in the aftermath of challenging events, such as birth traumas, positive outcomes may emerge as well.

World Health Organization building blocks in rural community health services: An integrative review.

Introduction: Developing and adapting health service models to effectively meet the needs of rural and remote communities is an international priority given inequities in health outcomes compared with metropolitan counterparts. This integrative review aims to inform rural and remote health service delivery systems by drawing on the WHO Framework building blocks to identify lessons learned from the literature describing experiences of rural and remote community health service planning and implementation; and inform recommendations to strengthen often disadvantaged rural and remote health systems for policy makers, health service managers, and those implementing international healthcare initiatives within these contexts.

Methods: The integrative review examined the literature reporting rural and remote community health service delivery published from 2007 to 2017 (the decade following the release of the WHO Framework).

Social welfare needs of bereaved Australian carers: Implications of insights from palliative care and welfare workers.

An individual and psychological emphasis has influenced practice and research on bereavement following informal care provision in the context of life-limiting illness. Consideration of the potential for bereavement to be shaped by intersecting social and structural inequities is needed; and should include an understanding of interactions with government institutions and social policy. This qualitative study employed interpretive description to explore the way in which palliative care workers and welfare sector workers perceive and approach experiences and needs of bereaved carers receiving government income support or housing assistance in Western Sydney, an area associated with recognised socioeconomic disadvantage.

Clinician Engagement in Quality: A Literature Review.

Background And Objectives: Defining quality in the health care context has proven difficult, with many organizations not able to clearly articulate their use of this term in a manner that is easily understood by their clinical staff. This review seeks to investigate the literature to explore clinician engagement in quality including where engagement has been problematic, and if the reasons for this have been identified.

Methods: An integrative review of the literature was undertaken to determine whether evidence within the literature supports a hypothesis that there is a lack of understanding of and engagement in quality at an organizational level by health professionals.

Caring precariously: An interpretive description of palliative care and welfare worker perspectives on end of life carers navigating social welfare.

Background: Caring at end-of-life is associated with financial burden, economic disadvantage, and psychosocial sequelae. Health and social welfare systems play a significant role in coordinating practical resources and support in this context. However, little is known about social policy and interactions with public institutions that shape experiences of informal carers with social welfare needs at end-of-life.

Catastrophic thinking: Is it the legacy of traumatic births? Midwives' experiences of shoulder dystocia complicated births.

Background: Shoulder dystocia (SD) is considered one of the most traumatic birth experiences not only for women, but for clinicians involved as well. Adverse effects of birth trauma on the emotions and psyche of midwives have been well established.

Aim: To explore the impact of SD, as a birth trauma, on midwives' orientation towards normal births and on their clinical practice and the factors which may deteriorate or improve the experience of SD.

Creating equitable healthcare quality and safety for children with intellectual disability in hospital.

Children with intellectual disability are susceptible to poor experiences of care and treatment outcomes, and this may compound existing health inequities. Evidence to date indicates three priority areas that must be addressed in order to reduce these inequities in the safety and quality of care for children with intellectual disability. Firstly, we need reliable methods to identify children with intellectual disability so that healthcare organizations understand their needs.

Options to enhance the veracity of Australian health service accreditation assessments.

Background: Assessment processes applied within some health service accreditation programs have been criticised at times for being inaccurate, inconsistent or inefficient. Such criticism has inspired the development of innovative assessment methods.

Objective: The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care considered the use of three such methods: short-notice or unannounced methods; patient journey or tracer methods; and attestation by governing bodies.

Retrospective observational cohort study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in Tasmania 2010-2014.

Objective: This study aims to present overall survival rates to hospital discharge for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Tasmania and to identify predictors of survival.

Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was undertaken from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. A probabilistically linked data set was created from paramedic electronic medical records and hospital patient records.

Scoping review of the impact of birth trauma on clinical decisions of midwives.

Objective: The psychological and emotional impact of a traumatic birth experience on clinicians is well-established. It is also known that emotions can generally influence decisions. However, it is not clear whether experiencing a birth trauma can affect the professional behaviour and decision-making of clinicians.

Disadvantaged and disenfranchised in bereavement: A scoping review of social and structural inequity following expected death.

An emphasis on individual intervention and psychological complexity has characterised research on bereavement following an experience of life-limiting illness. Exploration of "structural vulnerability" as a positionality produced by social and structural inequity could provide insights into areas of practice and policy in need of development. This scoping review sought to summarise published research on experiences of social and structural inequities in the context of bereavement due to life-limiting illness.