A SARS-CoV-2 minimum data standard to support national serology reporting.

Background: Healthcare laboratory systems produce and capture a vast array of information, yet do not always report all of this to the national infrastructure within the United Kingdom. The global COVID-19 pandemic brought about a much greater need for detailed healthcare data, one such instance being laboratory testing data. The reporting of qualitative laboratory test results (e.

Transcriptomic analysis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma reveals a multigene prognostic signature associated with metastasis.

Background: Metastasis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is uncommon. Current staging methods are reported to have sub-optimal performances in metastasis prediction. Accurate identification of patients with tumors at high risk of metastasis would have a significant impact on management.

Adult-onset megacolon with focal hypoganglionosis: A detailed phenotyping and prospective cohort study.

Background: In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated features of "adult-onset megacolon with focal hypoganglionosis."

Methods: We assessed the radiologic, endoscopic, and histopathologic phenotyping and treatment outcomes of 29 patients between 2017 and 2020. Data from community controls, consisting of 19,948 adults undergoing health screenings, were analyzed to identify risk factors.

Educational strategies in the health professions to mitigate cognitive and implicit bias impact on decision making: a scoping review.

Background: Cognitive and implicit biases negatively impact clinicians' decision-making capacity and can have devastating consequences for safe, effective, and equitable healthcare provision. Internationally, health care clinicians play a critical role in identifying and overcoming these biases. To be workforce ready, it is important that educators proactively prepare all pre-registration healthcare students for real world practice.

Reduction in cycle time for a rapid polymerase chain reaction diagnostic test at the point of care.

Background: Rapid testing facilitates safe and effective diagnosis, but the true speed of the process is the time from collection of a sample to delivery of an accurate and reliable test result - 'end-to-end' time. Transport, unpacking and relaying of information can extend this time considerably beyond the minimum laboratory turnaround times as stipulated by PCR testing protocols.

Aim/objective: This study aimed to minimise time needed to ascertain SARS-CoV-2 status prior to treatment in a UK Dental Hospital using a novel, mobile, direct to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) workflow.

Perceived feasibility, facilitators and barriers to incorporating point-of-care testing for SARS-CoV-2 into emergency medical services by ambulance service staff: a survey-based approach.

Objectives: This body of work aimed to elicit ambulance service staff's perceptions on the barriers and facilitators to adoption, and clinical utility of incorporating rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing during ambulance assessments.

Design: A mixed-methods survey-based project using a framework analysis method to organise qualitative data.

Setting: Emergency and non-emergency care ambulatory services in the UK were approached to take part.

A Hybrid Architecture (CO-CONNECT) to Facilitate Rapid Discovery and Access to Data Across the United Kingdom in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development Study.

Background: COVID-19 data have been generated across the United Kingdom as a by-product of clinical care and public health provision, as well as numerous bespoke and repurposed research endeavors. Analysis of these data has underpinned the United Kingdom's response to the pandemic, and informed public health policies and clinical guidelines. However, these data are held by different organizations, and this fragmented landscape has presented challenges for public health agencies and researchers as they struggle to find relevant data to access and interrogate the data they need to inform the pandemic response at pace.

Diagnosis and management of asthma in children.

Asthma is the the most common chronic respiratory condition of childhood worldwide, with around 14% of children and young people affected. Despite the high prevalence, paediatric asthma outcomes are inadequate, and there are several avoidable deaths each year. Characteristic asthma features include wheeze, shortness of breath and cough, which are typically triggered by a number of possible stimuli.

Improving the health assistant in nursing employment model through entry to practice nursing student perceptions: a cross-sectional study.

: A model employing entry to practice nursing students as health assistants in nursing (HANs) was developed to support the nursing workforce.: This research examines the perceived benefits of being employed as a HAN to graduate entry to practice nursing students.: Cross-sectional study: A web-based 33-item questionnaire was open to entry to practice nursing students employed as a HAN.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Placental Infection Is Associated With Massive Perivillous Fibrin Deposition at the Maternal-Fetal Interface: A Preliminary Study.

We observed an increased frequency of massive perivillous fibrin deposition (MPFD) during the second coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wave dominated by the Alpha variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). MPFD associated with 100% reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity for SARS-CoV-2 and detection by immunohistochemistry. The Alpha variant was identified in all placentas with MPFD that could be sequenced.

Using Real-Time Data to Develop and Improve Teaching of Clinical Skills in Virtual Nursing Simulation Laboratories During COVID-19 Pandemic.

During COVID-19 pandemic public health measures, face-to-face simulation laboratories were cancelled. A rapid transition to online teaching environments required staff and students to rapid upskilling in digital literacy. The purpose of this article is to describe a model of virtual nursing simulation laboratory implemented in graduate entry to practice Master's nursing program to teach clinical skills.

Expression of p16 Within Myenteric Neurons of the Aged Colon: A Potential Marker of Declining Function.

Human colonic neuromuscular functions decline among the elderly. The aim was to explore the involvement of senescence. A preliminary PCR study looked for age-dependent differences in expression of (encoding the senescence-related p21 protein) and (encoding p16 and p14) in human ascending and descending colon (without mucosa) from 39 (approximately 50: 50 male: female) adult (aged 27-60 years) and elderly donors (70-89 years).

A pilot project evaluating a fixed drainage system (U-Drain) for automated peritoneal dialysis.

U-Drain is a fixed drainage system for automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) connecting the dialysis effluent outflow directly to the household drainage system thus avoiding the need for drain bags, with considerable potential advantages for patient convenience and reduction of plastic clinical waste. Here we present a pilot project reporting on U-Drain patient and staff experience based on questionnaires and on the safety of the technology derived from analysis of characteristics of peritonitis episodes. Overall, 15 patients were included in the pilot project and were followed up over 3 years; 11 patients completed a questionnaire exploring their experiences of APD and U-Drain.

Megarectum: systematic histopathological evaluation of 35 patients and new common pathways in chronic rectal dilatation.

Aims: Megarectum is well described in the surgical literature but few contemporary pathological studies have been undertaken. There is uncertainty whether 'idiopathic' megarectum is a primary neuromuscular disorder or whether chronic dilatation leads to previously reported and unreported pathological changes. We sought to answer this question.

Does lung function change in the months after an asthma exacerbation in children?

Background: There are limited data describing lung function changes in children after an asthma exacerbation. Our hypothesis was that lung function does not fully recover in children in the months following an asthma exacerbation.

Methods: We used a data set of children with asthma where lung function (including FEV , FEV /FVC ratio and FEF ) was measured at 3-month intervals over a year.

Does admission prevalence change after reconfiguration of inpatient services? An interrupted time series analysis of the impact of reconfiguration in five centres.

Background: Service reconfiguration of inpatient services in a hospital includes complete and partial closure of all emergency inpatient facilities. The "natural experiment" of service reconfiguration may give insight into drivers for emergency admissions to hospital. This study addressed the question does the prevalence of emergency admission to hospital for children change after reconfiguration of inpatient services?

Methods: There were five service reconfigurations in Scottish hospitals between 2004 and 2018 where emergency admissions to one "reconfigured" hospital were halted (permanently or temporarily) and directed to a second "adjacent" hospital.

Electroretinogram Recording for Infants and Children under Anesthesia to Achieve Optimal Dark Adaptation and International Standards.

Electroretinogram (ERG) is the only clinical objective test available to assess retinal function. Full-field ERG (ffERG) measures the panretinal rod and cone photoreceptor function as well as inner retinal function and is an important measure in the diagnosis and management of inherited retinal diseases as well as inflammatory, toxic, and nutritional retinopathies. Adhering to international standards and maintaining retinal dark adaptation are critical to acquire valid and reliable dark-adapted (scotopic) and light-adapted (photopic) ffERG responses.

The management of adult patients with severe chronic small intestinal dysmotility.

Adult patients with severe chronic small intestinal dysmotility are not uncommon and can be difficult to manage. This guideline gives an outline of how to make the diagnosis. It discusses factors which contribute to or cause a picture of severe chronic intestinal dysmotility (eg, obstruction, functional gastrointestinal disorders, drugs, psychosocial issues and malnutrition).

Patient-specific Alzheimer-like pathology in trisomy 21 cerebral organoids reveals BACE2 as a gene dose-sensitive AD suppressor in human brain.

A population of more than six million people worldwide at high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are those with Down Syndrome (DS, caused by trisomy 21 (T21)), 70% of whom develop dementia during lifetime, caused by an extra copy of β-amyloid-(Aβ)-precursor-protein gene. We report AD-like pathology in cerebral organoids grown in vitro from non-invasively sampled strands of hair from 71% of DS donors. The pathology consisted of extracellular diffuse and fibrillar Aβ deposits, hyperphosphorylated/pathologically conformed Tau, and premature neuronal loss.

The use of point-of-care testing to establish cause of death in the autopsy setting.

This review assesses the use of point-of-care testing (POCT) in establishing a cause of death in the autopsy setting. A search was performed of the PubMed, Medline, Embase, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases using the terms point-of-care, autopsy, post-mortem, cause of death and forensics. This search revealed some evidence for the efficacy of POCT for autopsy derived samples in the detection of viruses, sepsis and abnormal glucose levels.

Spontaneous Restoration of Nutrition Autonomy in a Case of Intestinal Failure Secondary to a Gastrointestinal Neuromuscular Disease.

Polyglucosan inclusion body myopathy (PIBM) is a recently described gastrointestinal neuromuscular disease. Given its rarity, very little is known of its natural history and prognosis. In this case report, we present the first case of PIBM and resultant intestinal failure in which, following 7 years of home parenteral nutrition, gastrointestinal symptoms subsided and nutrition autonomy was restored.

Changes in neuromuscular structure and functions of human colon during ageing are region-dependent.

Objective: To determine if human colonic neuromuscular functions decline with increasing age.

Design: Looking for non-specific changes in neuromuscular function, a standard burst of electrical field stimulation (EFS) was used to evoke neuronally mediated (cholinergic/nitrergic) contractions/relaxations in muscle strips of human ascending and descending colon, aged 35-91 years (macroscopically normal tissue; 239 patients undergoing cancer resection). Then, to understand mechanisms of change, numbers and phenotype of myenteric neurons (30 306 neurons stained with different markers), densities of intramuscular nerve fibres (51 patients in total) and pathways involved in functional changes were systematically investigated (by immunohistochemistry and use of pharmacological tools) in elderly (≥70 years) and adult (35-60 years) groups.