Diagnosis, treatment and survival from bladder, upper urinary tract, and urethral cancers: real-world findings from NHS England between 2013 and 2019.

Objective: We report NHS England data for patients with bladder cancer (BC), upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC: renal pelvic and ureteric), and urethral cancers from 2013 to 2019.

Materials And Methods: Hospital episode statistics, waiting times, and cancer registrations were extracted from NHS Digital.

Results: Registrations included 128 823 individuals with BC, 16 018 with UTUC, and 2533 with urethral cancer.

Photodynamic versus white-light-guided resection of first-diagnosis non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: PHOTO RCT.

Background: Around 7500 people are diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the UK annually. Recurrence following transurethral resection of bladder tumour is common, and the intensive monitoring schedule required after initial treatment has associated costs for patients and the NHS. In photodynamic diagnosis, before transurethral resection of bladder tumour, a photosensitiser that is preferentially absorbed by tumour cells is instilled intravesically.

A Randomized Trial of PHOTOdynamic Surgery in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Recurrence of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is common after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) provides better diagnostic accuracy and more complete tumor resection and may reduce recurrence. However, there is limited evidence on the longer-term clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of PDD-guided resection.

Adjuvant Intravesical Chemohyperthermia Versus Passive Chemotherapy in Patients with Intermediate-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (HIVEC-II): A Phase 2, Open-label, Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background: Adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy following tumour resection is recommended for intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of adjuvant intravesical chemohyperthermia (CHT) for intermediate-risk NMIBC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: HIVEC-II is an open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial of CHT versus chemotherapy alone in patients with intermediate-risk NMIBC recruited at 15 centres between May 2014 and December 2017 (ISRCTN 23639415).

Professional roles of female urologists: A webinar-based survey of perceptions and obstacles to career development.

Background: Urology, traditionally a maledominated specialty, keeping pace with the quickly changing gender landscape, has been characterized by waves of feminization. This study aims to understand the perspectives of women urologists on the obstacles to their career development, and the impact of such hurdles on their professional roles in urological education, practice, and leadership.

Methods: 119 female urology residents/consultants were surveyed via a webinar-based platform, covering relevant questions on domains of Academia, Mentorship, Leadership, Parenting, and Charity.

UK national bladder outlet obstruction surgery snapshot audit.

Objectives: To determine the preoperative assessment and perioperative outcomes of men undergoing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) surgery in the UK.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all men undergoing BOO surgery in 105 UK hospitals over a 1-month period. The study included 1456 men, of whom 42% were catheter dependent prior to undergoing surgery.

Quality of life in patients undergoing surveillance for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer-a systematic review.

Background: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the various instruments available to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in patients diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) undergoing surveillance.

Methods: A PubMed literature review was carried out with query terms ("Urinary Bladder Neoplasms" [Mesh] OR "Bladder malignancy") AND ("quality of life") including all studies up to June 2020. This resulted in 576 peer-reviewed articles.

CALIBER: a phase II randomized feasibility trial of chemoablation with mitomycin-C vs surgical management in low-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the activity of intravesical mitomycin-C (MMC) to ablate recurrent low-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and assess whether it may enable patients to avoid surgical intervention for treatment of recurrence.

Patients And Methods: CALIBER is a phase II feasibility study. Participants were randomized (2:1) to treatment with four once-weekly MMC 40-mg intravesical instillations (chemoablation arm) or to surgical management.

Pembrolizumab for Previously Treated Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: An Evidence Review Group Perspective of a NICE Single Technology Appraisal.

Pembrolizumab is an intravenously administered monoclonal antibody licensed for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum-containing chemotherapy. This summary presents the perspective of Warwick Evidence, the Evidence Review Group (ERG) appointed by the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for the single technology appraisal of pembrolizumab for this indication. Pembrolizumab is manufactured by Merck, Sharp and Dohme (MSD).

Does urinary cytology have a role in haematuria investigations?

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of urinary cytology to diagnose bladder cancer and upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) as well as the outcome of patients with a positive urine cytology and normal haematuria investigations in patients in a multicentre prospective observational study of patients investigated for haematuria.

Patient And Methods: The DETECT I study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02676180) recruited patients presenting with haematuria following referral to secondary case at 40 hospitals.

Can Renal and Bladder Ultrasound Replace Computerized Tomography Urogram in Patients Investigated for Microscopic Hematuria?

Purpose: Computerized tomography urogram is recommended when investigating patients with hematuria. We determined the incidence of urinary tract cancer and compared the diagnostic accuracy of computerized tomography urogram to that of renal and bladder ultrasound for identifying urinary tract cancer.

Materials And Methods: The DETECT (Detecting Bladder Cancer Using the UroMark Test) I study is a prospective observational study recruiting patients 18 years old or older following presentation with macroscopic or microscopic hematuria at a total of 40 hospitals.

Open radical cystectomy in England: the current standard of care - an analysis of the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) cystectomy audit and Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) data.

Objective: To establish the current standard for open radical cystectomy (ORC) in England, as data entry by surgeons performing RC to the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) database was mandated in 2013 and combining this with Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) data has allowed comprehensive outcome analysis for the first time.

Patients And Methods: All patients were included in this analysis if they were uploaded to the BAUS data registry and reported to have been performed in the 2 years between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015 in England (from mandate onwards) and had been documented as being performed in an open fashion (not laparoscopic, robot assisted or the technique field left blank). The HES data were accessed via the HES website.

Three decades of quality improvement in electroconvulsive therapy: exploring the role of accreditation.

Objectives: This study aims to track electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) clinics' compliance with standards for the administration of ECT before and after the introduction of the Electroconvulsive Therapy Accreditation Service (ECTAS) in 2003.

Methods: Three audits on the practice of ECT were retrospectively analyzed, and ECTAS data from 2004 to 2011 were prospectively analyzed. Overall compliance with 10 ECT audit standards was presented in 2 ways: annually and for each of the 3 waves of accreditation.

Laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation: prospective evaluation of medium-term results and current developments.

Objective: Laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation is a feasible method for treating ureteral pathology with good preliminary results in the literature. In this study, we review our medium-term results for laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation and discuss current developments of this procedure.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four laparoscopic ureteral reimplantations were performed between August 2003 and December 2008 for ureteral strictures or ureteral injuries.

Prevention and management of ureteral injuries occurring during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: the Heilbronn experience and a review of the literature.

Objectives: There is a small risk of ureteral injury during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). It is important to recognise and repair such ureteral injuries immediately. Laparoscopic reconstructive surgery has proven to be feasible for the treatment of ureteral injury.

Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in clinical T1a and T1b prostate cancer: oncologic and functional outcomes--a matched-pair analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of previous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) on surgical, functional, and oncologic outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Methods: From a series of 2100 patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, we compared the intraoperative complications and functional and oncologic outcomes for 55 patients who had been diagnosed with prostate carcinoma on previous TURP (group 1), with those of 55 matched patients who had not undergone previous prostate surgery (group 2). The patients were match-paired for age, operating surgeon, procedure type (eg, nerve-sparing, lymph node dissection), anastamotic technique, pathologic stage, and Gleason score.

Analysis of three different vesicourethral anastomotic techniques in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Objectives: The vesicourethral anastomosis is critical to the outcome of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). We retrospectively compared a recently introduced running suture with existing interrupted techniques.

Materials And Methods: A total of 600 patients undergoing LRP at our institution were reviewed.

Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate: development of the procedure, current clinical practice, and introduction of self-embedding as a new way of processing biopsy cores.

Purpose: This study reviews the development of transrectal sonographically guided biopsy procedures of the prostate and optimization of the procedure in daily clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a literature review of the historic development and current practice of prostate biopsy procedures and present our systematic 12-core biopsy protocol. For processing the biopsy cores, we introduce the new technique of self-embedding.

Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy for pathological stage II disease in nonseminomatous germ cell tumours: a 15-year experience.

Objective: To present our 15-year experience of laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (LRPLND) combined with adjuvant chemotherapy (after RPLND) for patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumour and positive nodes (pN+), evaluating the morbidity and long-term oncological outcome.

Patients And Methods: Data for 87 patients with clinical stage I GCT were collected prospectively from 1992 to 2007. Primary diagnostic LRPLND was performed for pathological staging using a modified-template dissection.

Third-generation cryotherapy for prostate cancer in the UK: a prospective study of the early outcomes in primary and recurrent disease.

Objective: To present the early results of the use of third-generation cryotherapy in primary and recurrent prostate cancer at one UK centre.

Patients And Methods: Over a 14-month period 51 patients underwent cryotherapy for prostate cancer. In 31 patients cryotherapy was used as the primary treatment and in 20 as a salvage treatment after radiotherapy or hormone ablation.

Adhesion of lymphocytes to bladder cancer cells: the role of the alpha(E)beta(7) integrin.

The alpha(E)beta(7)integrin (defined by CD103) is expressed by most intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) but by fewer than 2% peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). An important ligand for this molecule is the epithelial cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. Loss of E-cadherin is associated with increased invasion and metastasis in bladder cancer.