Sequence termination cues drive habits via dopamine-mediated credit assignment.

Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons are central to sequence learning and habit formation. Yet, the mechanisms by which cue-induced DA neural activity drives goal-directed or habitual sequence execution remain unknown. We designed two novel tasks to investigate how sequence initiation and termination cues influence DA-driven behavioral strategies and learning.

Biomarkers of Airway Disease, Barrett's and Underdiagnosed Reflux Noninvasively (BAD-BURN) in World Trade Center exposed firefighters: a case-control observational study protocol.

Background: Particulate matter exposure (PM) is a cause of aerodigestive disease globally. The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) exposed first responders and inhabitants of New York City to WTC-PM and caused obstructive airways disease (OAD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett's Esophagus (BE). GERD not only diminishes health-related quality of life but also gives rise to complications that extend beyond the scope of BE.

Biomarkers of Airway Disease, Barrett's and Underdiagnosed Reflux Noninvasively (BAD-BURN): a Case-Control Observational Study Protocol.

Background: Particulate matter exposure (PM) is a cause of aerodigestive disease globally. The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) exposed fifirst responders and inhabitants of New York City to WTC-PM and caused obstructive airways disease (OAD), gastroesophageal Refux disease (GERD) and Barrett's Esophagus (BE). GERD not only diminishes health-related quality of life but also gives rise to complications that extend beyond the scope of BE.

Identification of early transcriptome signatures in placenta exposed to insulin and obesity.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of insulin on human placental transcriptome and biological processes in first-trimester pregnancy.

Study Design: Maternal plasma and placenta villous tissue were obtained at the time of voluntary termination of pregnancy (7-12 weeks) from 17 lean (body mass index, 20.9±1.