Who likes meat, fish, and seafood? Influence of sex, age, body mass index, smoking, and olfactory efficiency on meat product preferences.

Meat, fish, and seafood are animal products that can be found in various forms in the human diet. In Western culture, there are trends to reduce meat consumption. This work was created to assess how various factors influence the fact that we like to eat meat, fish, and seafood.

Menstrual cycle disorders as an early symptom of energy deficiency among female physique athletes assessed using the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q).

Physique competitions are weight-sensitive sports in which stage presentation, aesthetic appearance and posing ability of the athletes are judged rather than physical performance. The aim of this study was to assess low energy availability among female physique athletes by using the LEAF-Q. The study involved 104 females who were physique athletes.

Changes in sensitivity and hedonic rating to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation following COVID-19.

COVID-19 affects not only the respiratory system but also other biological systems such as the nervous system. Usually, these changes are reported based on the patient's subjective description. The aim of our study, therefore, was to objectively determine the effect that the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease has on sensory threshold and the hedonic and subjective perception of an electrical stimulus.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Menstrual Cycle in Women.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has become the largest and most diverse to threaten the health of humanity since the 1918 influenza pandemic.

Methods: This study involved 113 women who had suffered from COVID-19. The study was conducted as interviews with each woman during visits to a clinic prior to the start of their post-COVID-19 physiotherapy treatment cycle.

Psychosocial functioning of women suffering from stress and mixed form of urinary incontinence depending on the severity of the symptoms.

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is a troublesome symptom that negatively affects many aspects of life among woman suffering from this disease. It disturbs social, professional and intimate relations, and thus contributes to a negative self-image, loss of self-confidence, withdrawal of a woman from social and family life, and consequently promotes negative state of mind and depression.

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of urinary incontinence on the psychosocial functioning of women suffering from this disease.

The Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) as a Useful Tool to Identify Female Triathletes at Risk for Menstrual Disorders Related to Low Energy Availability.

Background: Nutrition in sport is a priority; it is the basis for maintaining optimal health and a prerequisite for the high performance necessary for competitions. The aim of this study was to assess low energy availability and its possible consequences among female triathletes by using the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q).

Methods: The study involved 30 female triathetes.

The Impact of Competitive Swimming on Menstrual Cycle Disorders and Subsequent Sports Injuries as Related to the Female Athlete Triad and on Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms.

Unlabelled: Background An athlete's menstrual cycle may be seriously disturbed when she undertakes a physical activity that exceeds the body's adaptive capacity and/or applies dietary restrictions. The main aim of this study was to assess the impact of swimming training undertaken by participants of sport clubs on disorders of the menstrual cycle.

Methods: The study involved 64 female athletes.

Who Likes Unhealthy Food with a Strong Flavour? Influence of Sex, Age, Body Mass Index, Smoking and Olfactory Efficiency on Junk Food Preferences.

Background. Unhealthy food is an important element in the development of diseases of civilisation. The aim of this study was to determine how sex, age, body mass index, smoking and olfactory efficiency influence the consumption of such foods.

Individual characteristics, including olfactory efficiency, age, body mass index, smoking and the sex hormones status, and food preferences of women in Poland.

Background: Food choices made by most people mainly depend on food preferences. Knowing how certain factors affect food preferences can help dietitians working with women to understand the relationship between individual factors and the challenges faced by the women in changing eating habits. The aim of the study was to examine the food preferences of women and to assess the impact of the sense of smell, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and hormonal status (phase of the menstrual cycle, hormonal contraception) on the declared pleasure derived from eating various types of food.

An Assessment of the Early Symptoms of Energy Deficiency as a Female Athlete Triad Risk among the Polish National Kayaking Team Using LEAF-Q.

Background: Kayaking is a high intensity sport that demands high levels of aerobic and anaerobic capacity as well as a great deal of strength and endurance. The aim of this study was an assessment of the frequency of occurrence of early low energy availability symptoms using the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire for women belonging to the Polish national kayaking team. Additionally, quantitative measurements of body composition and levels of calcium were performed.

An assessment of sensory sensitivity in women suffering from depression using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

Background: Perception is the process or result of the process arising from the mental interpretation of the phenomena occurring, therefore it depends not only on physiology, but is also psychologically and socially conditioned. The aim of this study was to assess if there is a difference in the sensory sensitivity to an electrical stimulus in women suffering from depression and what the hedonic rating is of the lived experience of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

Methods: The depression group: 44 women, who were inpatients treated for depression at the Psychiatric Ward in the Clinical Hospital, and the control group: 41 women, matched by the age, height and weight, with no mental illness.

The Female Athlete Triad-the impact of running and type of diet on the regularity of the menstrual cycle assessed for recreational runners.

Background: The Female Athlete Triad (FAT) included three interrelated conditions including disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. The American College of Sports Medicine updated the definition of FAT to reflect the interdependence of low energy availability with or without eating disorders. The main aim of the study was to assess the impact of recreational running on potential disturbances in the regularity of women's menstrual cycles.

The nutritional habits of women who train in fitness clubs and the potential implications on menstrual cycle disorders.

Introduction: Nutrition is one of the most important lifestyle elements influencing health and contributing to the correct functioning of the human body.

Objectives: The aim of the research was to analyse the nutritional behaviour and disorders of the monthly cycle in women training in fitness clubs (F-Fitness) compared to women who did not participate in any training (C- Control).

Material And Methods: 248 women, aged 21.

The Influence of Running and Dancing on the Occurrence and Progression of Premenstrual Disorders.

: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of both physical activity, such as running and dancing, and the personal characteristics of the studied women on the occurrence and progression of premenstrual disorder (PMD). : We surveyed 414 women aged 22-48 who were experiencing the menstrual cycle but not using hormonal contraception. There were two physically active groups, runners ( = 215) and Argentine tango dancers ( = 94), and there was one group not undertaking any physical activity-the control group ( = 104).

Implications of Argentine Tango for Health Promotion, Physical Well-Being as Well as Emotional, Personal and Social Life on a Group of Women Who Dance.

Background: The aim of the research was to determine the effect that dance has on the promotion of health, physical well-being, as well as the emotional, personal and social life of women who dance. In addition, the impact of the physical activity of long, often all-night dancing events on women's health was investigated. This included possible disturbances in their monthly cycle and circadian rhythm, taking into account symptoms of biological rhythm disturbances.

Gender Differences in Subjective Pain Perception during and after Tattooing.

Background: The aim of the research was to analyse the impact of gender on pain perception during and directly after tattooing, with the following predictors as covariates: the body area chosen for a tattoo, the character of the pain, the time it takes to complete the tattoo, bleeding, the level of stress, analgesics taken before the tattooing procedure, and the cycle phase.

Methods: A total of 1092 participants took part in this study (F: 863, M: 229). A proprietary survey was used in the research, including patient characteristics and questions relating to the above-mentioned variables.

Do future healthcare professionals have adequate knowledge about risk factors for stress urinary incontinence in women?

Background: Stress urinary incontinence worsens living conditions as far as the occupational, social, mental, physical and sexual aspects of a woman's life. Despite its real impact on the everyday lives of millions of women around the world, this problem is still disregarded and treated only as a discomfort associated with personal hygiene. Could this be due to negligence on the part of medical personnel in this matter and perhaps this lack of knowledge and proper information intended for women with stress urinary incontinence? Implementing educational activities to increase knowledge about urinary incontinence will translate into better educated women and earlier implementation of urinary incontinence treatment in the future.

Will future doctors know enough about stress urinary incontinence to provide proper preventive measures and treatment?

: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is an embarrassing condition, which is one of the last taboos in modern medicine. The study aim was an attempt to assess medical students' knowledge of female stress urinary incontinence.: The study involved 432 students of the Medical Department at the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice.

Menstrual disorders in amateur dancers.

Background: Rigorous exercise undertaken by young girls, combined with a negative energetic balance, is related to substantial physiological changes in a competitor's body, often leading to hormonal imbalance manifested by: delayed puberty, delayed menstruation, menstrual disorders, and even long-term secondary amenorrhoea. Very lean competitors, with insufficient body fat content, are not capable of maintaining oestrogen production at an optimal level, which results in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis abnormalities and menstrual disorders. Studies involving research on menstrual disorders in amateur dancers are scarce.

Effects of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Oxidative Stress in Selected Structures of the Central Nervous System.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a 28-day exposure to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field of 10 kVm on the oxidative stress in selected rat central nervous system (CNS) structures.

Material And Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats served as experimental subjects. Ten rats were exposed to an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz, intensity of 10 kV/m, and magnetic induction of 4.