Anti-fibrotic effect of ciglitazone in HRV-induced airway remodelling cell model.

Fibrosis is an important phenomenon as it can occur early in the pathogenesis of asthma; it may be associated with disease severity and resistance to therapy. There is a strong evidence that infection caused by human rhinovirus (HRV) contributes to remodelling process, but there is lack of studies clearly explaining this pathway. Synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ presents immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory features.

New Data on Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Potential of Transgenic Hairy Roots: In Vitro Studies.

Asthma is an inflammatory disease whose etiology remains unclear. Its characteristics encompass a wide range of clinical symptoms, inflammatory processes, and reactions to standard therapies. Plants produce a range of constitutive products and secondary metabolites that may have therapeutic abilities.

Transformed Root Extract Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Promotes Tissue Repair In Vitro.

Inflammation is closely related to asthma and its defining feature: airway remodeling. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of extracts of normal (NR) and transformed (TR) roots on respiratory cells and against the gingival epithelium. Extracts from NR and TR roots were added to lung fibroblast, bronchial epithelial and gingival fibroblast cell lines, in the presence of HRV-16 infection, to determine their impact on inflammation.

Relaxin Affects Airway Remodeling Genes Expression through Various Signal Pathways Connected with Transcription Factors.

Fibrosis is one of the parameters of lung tissue remodeling in asthma. Relaxin has emerged as a natural suppressor of fibrosis, showing efficacy in the prevention of a multiple models of fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the aptitudes of relaxin, in the context of its immunomodulatory properties, in the development of airway remodeling.

Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused relatively high mortality in patients, especially in those with concomitant diseases (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)).

Genetic Manipulation and Bioreactor Culture of Plants as a Tool for Industry and Its Applications.

In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in interest in the use of transgenic plants as sources of valuable secondary metabolites or recombinant proteins. This has been facilitated by the advent of genetic engineering technology with the possibility for direct modification of the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis of biologically active compounds. A wide range of research projects have yielded a number of efficient plant systems that produce specific secondary metabolites or recombinant proteins.

Curcumin modulates airway remodelling-contributing genes-the significance of transcription factors.

Bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts play an essential role in airway remodelling, due to their protective and secretory functions. There are many studies proving that infection caused by human rhinovirus may contribute to the process of airway remodelling. The beneficial properties of curcumin, the basic ingredient of turmeric, have been proved in many studies.

Expression of cPLAγ mRNA and protein differs the response of PBMC from severe and non-severe asthmatics to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and house dust mite allergen.

Chronic inflammation in asthmatics is initiated/exacerbated by many environmental factors, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide and allergens. Phospholipase A and histone acetyltransferase/deacetylases are enzymes involved in inflammatory process, particularly in lipid inflammatory mediators production and control of transcription of many inflammatory genes, respectively. The aim of the study was to identify differences in the inflammatory process in patients with severe and non-severe asthma, taking as a criterion expression of two groups of enzymes: phospholipases A and histone acetyltransferases/deacetylases.

Potential Synergistic Action of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts against Skin Infecting Microorganisms.

The skin is an important organ that acts as a physical barrier to the outer environment. It is rich in immune cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, mast cells, and T cells, which provide the first line of defense mechanisms against numerous pathogens by activating both the innate and adaptive response. Cutaneous immunological processes may be stimulated or suppressed by numerous plant extracts via their immunomodulatory properties.

The Anti-inflammatory Potential of Selected Plant-derived Compounds in Respiratory Diseases.

Inflammation plays a major role in chronic airway diseases like asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the worsening of the lung function resulting in worsening symptoms. The inflammatory process is very complexed, therefore the strategies for developing an effective treatment for inflammatory airway diseases would benefit from the use of natural substances.

Caffeoylquinic Acids with Potential Biological Activity from Plant In vitro Cultures as Alternative Sources of Valuable Natural Products.

Background: For a long time, the researchers have been looking for new efficient methods to enhance production and obtain valuable plant secondary metabolites, which would contribute to the protection of the natural environment through the preservation of various plant species, often rare and endangered. These possibilities offer plant in vitro cultures which can be performed under strictly-controlled conditions, regardless of the season or climate and environmental factors. Biotechnological methods are promising strategies for obtaining the valuable plant secondary metabolites with various classes of chemical compounds including caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) and their derivatives.

Correction to: Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Decreases Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in A549 Cells.

The original version of this article contained mistakes concerning the affiliations of Ewa Skała and Tomasz Kowalczyk. Their correct affiliations are now presented on this proof.

Transgenesis as a Tool for the Efficient Production of Selected Secondary Metabolites from in Vitro Plant Cultures.

The plant kingdom abounds in countless species with potential medical uses. Many of them contain valuable secondary metabolites belonging to different classes and demonstrating anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial or antidiabetic properties. Many of these metabolites, e.

Wide-Range Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on Group 4A Phospholipases Is Related to Nuclear Factor κ-B and Phospholipase-A2 Activating Protein Activity in Mast Cells.

Introduction: Phospholipases are enzymes that occur in many types of human cells, including mast cells, and play an important role in the molecular background of asthma pathogenesis, and the development of inflammation NF-κB activities that affect numerous biological processes has been reported in many inflammatory diseases including asthma. Vitamin D is a widely studied factor that affects many diseases, including asthma. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on regulation of chosen phospholipase-A2 (PLA2) expression-selected inflammation mediators.

Induction of apoptosis by in vitro and in vivo plant extracts derived from Menyanthes trifoliata L. in human cancer cells.

Menyanthes trifoliata L. has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. It exists in Asia, Europe, North America and in Morocco and is exploited as a remedy for anemia and lack of appetite.

Induction of apoptosis in human glioma cell lines of various grades through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway and caspase activation by Rhaponticum carthamoides transformed root extract.

The present study is the first investigation of the inhibitory effect of Rhaponticum carthamoides transformed roots (TR) extract on the proliferation of grade II and III human glioma cells. TR extract showed the cytotoxic effect and inhibited the colony formation of both glioma cell lines in dose-dependent manner. The root extract induced apoptosis by increasing of the reactive oxygen species (about threefold compared to the control cells) leading to a disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential.

Troglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, decreases LTC concentration in mononuclear cells in patients with asthma.

Background: Asthma is an inflammatory disorder with multiple mediators involved in the inflammatory response. Despite several attempts, no new anti-inflammatory drugs have been registered for asthma treatment for several years. However, thiazolidinediones, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, have demonstrated some anti-inflammatory properties in various experimental settings.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin and apocynin alter the expression of airway remodeling factors in human rhinovirus-infected cells.

Airway remodeling is a characteristic of bronchial asthma. The process involves the expression of many genes, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), MMP and arginase. Human rhinovirus (HRV) is known to cause asthma exacerbations, and viral infections might be involved in the development of airway remodeling.

Molecular Background of miRNA Role in Asthma and COPD: An Updated Insight.

Inflammatory airway diseases are a significant health problems requiring new approaches to the existing therapies and addressing fundamental issues. Difficulties in developing effective therapeutic strategies might be caused by lack of understanding of their exact molecular mechanism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of regulators that already revolutionized the view of gene expression regulation.