The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the cause and development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recent studies have suggested an important role of the gut-brain axis (GBA) and intestinal microbiota in modulating the risk of ADHD. Here, the authors provide a brief overview of the clinical and biological picture of ADHD and how the GBA could be involved in its cause.