Clinical and Imaging Features Associated With Malignant Focal Nonmass Enhancement on Breast MRI.

Introduction: Focal non-mass enhancement (NME) is a common breast MRI finding with limited data to guide management. This study aimed to assess clinical and imaging features of malignant BI-RADS 4 focal NME.

Methods: This IRB-approved, retrospective study included breast MRI exams between August 1, 2013 and September 1, 2022 yielding BI-RADS 4 focal NME lesions that underwent core biopsy or excision with available pathology result or demonstrated decrease or resolution during follow-up MRI or at least 2 years of MRI stability.

Patient Utilization of Weekend and Evening Appointments for Screening Mammography: An 8-Year Observational Cohort Study.

Objective: To characterize the patient population using weekend and evening appointments for screening mammography versus standard appointment times across four outpatient facilities in our academic health system.

Methods: In this institutional review board-approved retrospective cohort study, there were 203,101 screening mammograms from 67,323 patients who had a screening mammogram performed at outpatient centers at a multisite academic institution from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2022. Screening appointments were defined as "standard appointment time" (between 8 am and 5 pm on Monday through Friday) or "weekend or evening appointment time" (scheduled after 5 pm on Monday through Friday or at any time on a Saturday or Sunday).

Metaplastic carcinoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation in the breast: Case report.

Metaplastic breast carcinoma is rare and may present as a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer. In this case report of metastatic metaplastic breast carcinoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation in a female patient previously treated for invasive ductal carcinoma, we describe the new presentation of a palpable mass with associated calcifications on imaging near the site of prior partial mastectomy. This article will detail the clinical presentation, imaging findings, histopathology, and clinical course following treatment of our case.

Can breast MRI predict pathologic response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer? A retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: For patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer, it is standard of care to perform pre- and post-NAC imaging to evaluate response to therapy prior to surgery. In this study we assess outcome metrics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following NAC.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent a breast MRI before and after NAC between 2016 and 2021 at a single, multisite academic institution.

High-risk lesions in the breast diagnosed by MRI-guided core biopsy: upgrade rates and features associated with malignancy.

Purpose: This study assessed the upgrade rates of high-risk lesions (HRLs) in the breast diagnosed by MRI-guided core biopsy and evaluated imaging and clinical features associated with upgrade to malignancy.

Methods: This IRB-approved, retrospective study included MRI-guided breast biopsy exams yielding HRLs from August 1, 2011, to August 31, 2020. HRLs included atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH), radial scar, and papilloma.

Laminar shear stress prevents simvastatin-induced adhesion molecule expression in cytokine activated endothelial cells.

In addition to lowering cholesterol, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, or statins, have been shown to modulate gene expression in endothelial cells. The effect of statins on cell adhesion molecule expression is unclear and largely unexplored in endothelial cells exposed to shear stress, an important regulator of endothelial cell function. In this study, the effect of simvastatin on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression was evaluated in human abdominal aortic endothelial cells (HAAEC) conditioned with various levels of laminar wall shear stress with or without tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα).

Differential response of endothelial cells to simvastatin when conditioned with steady, non-reversing pulsatile or oscillating shear stress.

Few studies have investigated whether fluid mechanics can impair or enhance endothelial cell response to pharmacological agents such as statin drugs. We evaluated and compared Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and thrombomodulin (TM) expression in human abdominal aortic endothelial cells (HAAEC) treated with increasing simvastatin concentrations (0.1, 1 or 10 μM) under static culture and shear stress (steady, non-reversing pulsatile, and oscillating).

The response of human aortic endothelial cells in a stenotic hemodynamic environment: effect of duration, magnitude, and spatial gradients in wall shear stress.

Inflammation plays a key role in the development and stability of coronary plaques. Endothelial cells alter their expression in response to wall shear stress (WSS). Straight/tubular and asymmetric stenosis models were designed to study the localized expression of atheroprone molecules and inflammatory markers due to the presence of the spatial wall shear stress gradients created by an eccentric plaque.

Effect of simvastatin on Kruppel-like factor2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and thrombomodulin expression in endothelial cells under shear stress.

Aims: Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) and fluid wall shear stress have been reported to modulate the expression of genes related to inflammation, blood coagulation, thrombosis, and vascular constriction in cultured endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated the combined effect of laminar shear stress (LSS) and statins on endothelial cell gene expression.

Main Methods: Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and thrombomodulin (TM) mRNA and protein expression were evaluated in human abdominal aortic endothelial cells (HAAEC) treated with simvastatin (0.

Concentration and time effects of dextran exposure on endothelial cell viability, attachment, and inflammatory marker expression in vitro.

Dextran is commonly used to alter growth medium rheological properties for in vitro flow experiments in order to match physiological parameters. Despite its acceptance in literature, few studies have examined dextran effects on cells. In this study, we investigated changes in endothelial cell function due to dextran, under static and flow conditions, in a concentration and time-dependent manner.

Long-circulating poly(ethylene glycol)-coated emulsions to target solid tumors.

The purpose of this study was to develop oil-in-water emulsions (100-120 nm in diameter) and to correlate the surface properties of the emulsions with blood residence time and accumulation into neoplastic tissues by passive targeting. We investigated the effect of phospholipid and sphingolipid emulsifiers, hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and egg sphingomyelin (ESM), in combination with polysorbate 80 (PS-80) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE)-PEG lipids of various PEG chain lengths and structures in prolonging circulation time and enhancing accumulation into B16 melanoma or C26 colon adenocarcinoma. The relationship between amphiphile molecular packing at the air/water interface on emulsion stability upon dilution in albumin and circulation longevity in vivo was also explored for non-PEGylated emulsions.