Post-Keratoplasty Microbial Keratitis in the Era of Lamellar Transplants-A Comprehensive Review.

Microbial keratitis in a post-transplant cornea should be considered a distinct entity from microbial keratitis in a non-transplant cornea. Firstly, the use of immunosuppressive treatments and sutures in corneal transplants changes the etiology of keratitis. Secondly, corneal transplant has an impact on corneal biomechanics and structure, which facilitates the spread of infection.

Utilization of the Reinstein ICL Sizing Formula With Hand-held Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Measurements.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the Reinstein formula with hand-held ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) measurements for sizing of the Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL).

Methods: A total of 107 myopic eyes of 57 patients implanted with the ICL were included in the study. The size of the ICL was selected based on the manufacturer's recommendations.

Impact of First Healthcare Provider on Keratitis Course: How to Overcome Poor Prognosis in Keratitis Treatment? A Single Tertiary Center, Observational Study.

Background: To assess the difference in course and final visual outcome of keratitis (AK) patients based on the first healthcare provider (HCP) seen.

Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study of AK patients admitted to the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital between 2003 and 2017. HCPs were grouped (Group 1: Optometrists, Opticians; Group 2: General Practitioners (GPs); Group 3: Ophthalmologists) and the data analyzed on demographics, risk factors, clinical history, clinical features, and subspecies.

Effect of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Eye Emergency Department, Increasing Prevalence of Uveitis and Optic Neuritis in the COVID-19 Era.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to the reorganization of the health care system. A decline in health- and life-saving procedures has been reported in various medical specialties. However, data on ophthalmic emergencies during lockdowns is limited.

Clinical and laboratory parameters by age for patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis between 2000 and 2015.

Aim Of The Study: To compare the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) analysed based on the age at which they were diagnosed.

Clinical Rationale For The Study: Most cases of MS are diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40 years, but the clinical characteristics of patients with MS over this age range have rarely been studied.

Material And Methods: 182 patients diagnosed with MS between 2000 and 2015 were divided into four groups by age at diagnosis: < 30 years (n = 62), 30-39 years (n = 54), 40-49 years (n = 27), and ≥ 50 years (n = 39).

Demographic and clinical profile of patients with multiple sclerosis diagnosed over the last 30 years according to different diagnostic criteria.

The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosed between 1986 and 2015. 333 patients with definite MS were divided into four subgroups according to the following diagnostic criteria: Group A) Poser (n = 145), Group B) McDonald 2000 (n = 66), Group C) McDonald 2005 (n = 62), and Group D) McDonald 2010 (n = 60). We investigated: 1) patient sex and age at diagnosis, 2) symptoms and number of relapses that prompted MS diagnosis, 3) time between first symptoms suggestive of MS and confirmed diagnosis, and 5) Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at disease onset.

Ex vivo anti-microbial efficacy of various formaldehyde releasers against antibiotic resistant and antibiotic sensitive microorganisms involved in infectious keratitis.

Background: Corneal infections with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms are an increasingly difficult management challenge and chemically or photochemically cross-linking the cornea for therapy presents a unique approach to managing such infections since both direct microbial pathogens killing and matrix stabilization can occur simultaneously. The present study was undertaken in order to compare the anti-microbial efficacy, in vitro, of 5 candidate cross-linking solutions against 5 different microbial pathogens with relevance to infectious keratitis.

Methods: In vitro bactericidal efficacy studies were carried out using 5 different FARs [diazolidinyl urea (DAU), 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (DMDM), sodium hydroxymethylglycinate (SMG), 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol (NT = nitrotriol), 2-nitro-1-propanol (NP)] against 5 different microbial pathogens including two antibiotic-resistant species [methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), and Candida albicans (CA)].