Biomarkers of oxidative stress, biochemical changes, and the activity of lysosomal enzymes in the livers of rainbow trout ( Walbaum) vaccinated against yersiniosis before a challenge.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate biomarkers of oxidative stress (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, aldehyde and ketone derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins and total antioxidant capacity), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase), that of lysosomal enzymes (alanyl aminopeptidase, leucyl aminopeptidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase) and changes in biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, de Ritis ratio, lactate dehydrogenase activity, lactate and pyruvate levels and their ratio) in the liver tissue of fish that were vaccinated against enteric redmouth disease and challenged with its causative agent, the bacterium .

Material And Methods: The vaccine was administered orally to trout, some of which were challenged with 61 days later. For comparison, unvaccinated and unchallenged trout and unvaccinated and challenged trout were also evaluated.

In Vivo Bacteriophages' Application for the Prevention and Therapy of Aquaculture Animals-Chosen Aspects.

To meet the nutritional requirements of our growing population, animal production must double by 2050, and due to the exhaustion of environmental capacity, any growth will have to come from aquaculture. Aquaculture is currently undergoing a dynamic development, but the intensification of production increases the risk of bacterial diseases. In recent years, there has been a drastic development in the resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents approved for use, which has also taken place in aquaculture.

Influence of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus and Co-Infection on a Non-Specific Immune System in Rainbow Trout ().

Background: The IPNV is one of the most common viral pathogens of rainbow trout (), while infections are widespread among bacterial agents. The current study aimed to determine the influence of IPNV and co-infection on a non-specific immune response.

Methods: Two experiments were conducted.

The Prevalence of and in Small Wild Rodents in Poland.

Rodents are a large group of mammals that can be carriers of zoonotic pathogens such as strains that cause yersiniosis. The prevalence of and was determined in 214 small wild rodents from south-eastern Poland. Samples were analyzed by precultivation and PCR.

Applicability of Thyroxine Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging in Evaluations of Thyroid Function in Turtles.

Introduction: The thyroid and parathyroid glands play a major role in maintaining physiological homeostasis in all vertebrates. Reptiles have plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones far lower than mammals. Low levels of these hormones in reptiles impede thyroid hormone detection with assays designed for the higher levels of mammals.

Bacteriophage-based cocktail modulates selected immunological parameters and post-challenge survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Recently, a rapid increase in the resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics admitted for use in aquaculture has been observed. This happens especially often in intensive breeding. The use of drugs in closed circuits is problematic because it can damage biological filters.

The prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in game animals in Poland.

Natural reservoirs of Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica comprise different animal species, but little is known about the role of wild animals in the epidemiology of yersiniosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Y.