The incidence and causes of acute hospitalizations and emergency room visits in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single-centre experience.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Because acute glycaemic com-plications account for most concerns in the management of T1DM in children, special attention during the challenging time of the global COVID-19 pandemic is required to prevent deteriorations resulting in acute hospitalization.

Aim Of The Study: is to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the incidence and causes of acute hospitalizations and emergency room visits in adolescents with established type 1 diabetes mellitus, and to characterize the admitted population.

Diabetic ketoacidosis incidence among children with new-onset type 1 diabetes in Poland and its association with COVID-19 outbreak-Two-year cross-sectional national observation by PolPeDiab Study Group.

Background: There are several observations that the onset of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with an increase in the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, due to heterogeneity in study designs and country-specific healthcare policies, more national-level evidence is needed to provide generalizable conclusions.

Objective: To compare the rate of DKA in Polish children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) between the first year of COVID-19 pandemic (15 March 2020 to 15 March 2021) and the preceding year (15 March 2019 to 15 March 2020).

Above 40% of Polish children and young adults with type 1 diabetes achieve international HbA1c target - results of a nationwide cross-sectional evaluation of glycemic control: The PolPeDiab HbA1c study.

Background: Youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (16-18 y.o.) present worst disease control of all age groups and need structured interventions.

Increased prevalence of celiac disease and its clinical picture among patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 - observations from a single pediatric center in Central Europe.

Introduction: The aim of our study was to analyze the incidence and the clinical characteristic of celiac disease (CD) in pediatric population with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Material And Methods: The data of 880 patients with T1DM, 429 girls, mean age 12.14 ±4.

Increased Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Children and No Change in the Age of Diagnosis and BMI-SDS at the Onset - is the Accelerator Hypothesis not Working?

Objective: One of the hypothesized reasons for the observed increase in type 1 diabetes incidence in children is weight gain, causing accelerated disease development in predisposed individuals. This so-called accelerator hypothesis is, however, controversial. The aim was to analyze whether, in the ethnically homogeneous population of Lesser Poland, an increase in the number of cases of diabetes among children was associated with younger age and higher body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) at the time of diagnosis.

Monogenic diabetes prevalence among Polish children-Summary of 11 years-long nationwide genetic screening program.

Background: Estimated monogenic diabetes (MD) prevalence increases as screening programs proceeds.

Objective: To estimate prevalence of MD among Polish children.

Subjects: Patients and their family members suspected of suffering from MD (defined as causative mutation in one of the Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young or permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus genes) were recruited between January 2005 and December 2015.

Noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycaemia in adults--a spotlight on its genetics.

Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) is also classically referred to as "nesidioblastosis". Heterogeneous clinical manifestation of the disease causes risk of late diagnosis or even misdiagnosis. In infants and children, it can lead to serious and permanent damage to the central nervous system, which leads to the manifesting mental retardation.

Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus during 26 years of observation and prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis in the later years.

Unlabelled: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) varies greatly between countries. However, over the past several decades, a global rise in the incidence of T1D in the pediatric population has been noted. The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of T1D in children living in the Lesser Poland during the period of time from January 1, 1987, to December 31, 2012, and to analyze the demographic characteristics and occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with newly diagnosed T1D in the second part of the study (2006-2012).

Metabolic control and its variability are major risk factors for microalbuminuria in children with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: To assess in a prospective study the course and the predictors of microalbuminuria in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Material And Methods: 438 children and adolescents who developed diabetes in the years 1985-2004 were followed for 9.2 ± 3.

[Quality of treatment in children with type 1 diabetes based on the Polish Prospective Pump Programme].

Background: In pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the value of HbA1c is a predictor of the risk of late systemic complications in adulthood. In the last years significant changes in the method of treatment in pre-pubertal children with T1DM have taken place. However, there is lack of precise data concerning the results of metabolic control of this group of patients.

Equal metabolic control but superior caregiver treatment satisfaction with insulin aspart in preschool children.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic outcomes, safety, and caregiver treatment satisfaction of basal-bolus multiple daily injection (MDI) therapy with mealtime insulin aspart (IAsp) or human insulin (HI) (both with basal NPH insulin), or of continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSII) with IAsp in preschool-age children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: After a 3-week HI MDI run-in, 61 children <7 years old were randomized to IAsp MDI or HI MDI or allocated to IAsp CSII for 26 weeks. Efficacy measures were glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and overall metabolic control at study end point.

Efficacy and safety of sulfonylurea use in permanent neonatal diabetes due to KCNJ11 gene mutations: 34-month median follow-up.

Background: Recently, many patients with Kir6.2-related permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) have been successfully transferred from insulin therapy to sulfonylurea (SU) treatment. The long-term efficacy and safety of SU treatment in PNDM patients, however, have not yet been determined.

[Disorders of lipid metabolism in adolescents with simple obesity].

Background: Obesity affects approximately 45 millions of children worldwide. Some of them present with secondary dyslipidemia that leads to premature atherosclerosis.

Aim Of The Study: 1) Assessment of the frequency and type of dyslipidemia in obese adolescents.

[Obesity in children and adolescents and diabetes].

The significant increase in the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents over past decades caused the concomitant rise in the incidence of glucose intolerance and diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance is present in 10-27% of obese children, while type 2 diabetes accounts for more than 10% of all cases of diabetes in Caucasian adolescents. Obesity may also accelerate the onset of type 1 diabetes.

[Does the metabolic syndrome in children and youth exist?].

There is an increasing incidence rate of overweight and obesity in last years. It concerns approximately 20% of children 7 to 11 years in our country, and even 30% in high developed countries. There is also simultaneous increase in frequency of the disturbances, that are dependent from obesity and insulin resistance, such as glucose and fats metabolism disorders, and arterial hypertension.

[The usage of the personal insulin pump for treatment of a 7 week infant with neonatal diabetes mellitus].

Unlabelled: Etiology and the course of diabetes mellitus type 1 diagnosed in infancy remains the subject of intensive investigations, nonetheless the diagnosis of hyperglycemia in this period obliges prompt start of the insulin therapy. The treatment of newborns and infants is challenging because of the necessity to use very low doses of insulin.

Case Report: A boy was transferred from the neonatal ward on the 8th day of life with the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

Mutations at the same residue (R50) of Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) that cause neonatal diabetes produce different functional effects.

Heterozygous mutations in the human Kir6.2 gene (KCNJ11), the pore-forming subunit of the ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP) channel), are a common cause of neonatal diabetes. We identified a novel KCNJ11 mutation, R50Q, that causes permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM) without neurological problems.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding proteins, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3, in adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria.

Background/aims: Numerous clinical and experimental studies suggest that growth factors may contribute to the development of diabetic microvascular complications. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that in adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria (MA) there are specific disorders of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and concentrations of its binding proteins, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3, that could be of importance in the pathogenesis of microvascular diabetic complications.

Methods: 25 adolescents with MA, 24 adolescents with diabetes without complications, and 17 controls were examined.

[Thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroid diseases in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus from Southeast Poland].

The authors evaluated the prevalence of TPO Ab and thyroid disorders in 219 children and adolescents (119/54% girls) with type 1 diabetes from southeast Poland aged 3.2-22.3 years (mean age-13.

[Thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroid diseases in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type I diabetes].

The objective of the authors was to evaluate the prevalence of TPO Ab and thyroid diseases in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The examination included 153 patients (85/55.6% girls) from southeast Poland aged 11 months to do 17.