Randomized trial of the leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) strategy in substance use treatment clinics.

Introduction: Evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation represents a strategic change that requires alignment of leadership and support throughout organizations. Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) is a multifaceted implementation strategy that aims to improve implementation leadership and climate within organizations through iterative cycles of leadership and climate assessment and feedback, leadership training and coaching, and strategic planning with upper-level leaders. This study tested the effects of LOCI on transformational and implementation leadership, implementation climate, implementation citizenship behavior, and EBP reach.

Enhancing the implementation of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural and remote areas: A mixed methods study protocol.

Background: Virtual healthcare solutions are proposed as a way to combat the inequity of access to healthcare in rural and remote areas, and to better support the front-line providers who work in these areas. Rural provider-to-provider telehealth (RPPT) connects rural and remote clinicians to a 'hub' of healthcare specialists who can increase access to emergency and specialised healthcare via an integrated model. Reported benefits for the place-based provider include enhanced knowledge, expanded professional development opportunities, improved scope of practice, and increased confidence in treating more complex cases.

Integrating place-based and virtual models of palliative care: A case report.

Palliative care management in rural and remote areas generally relies on local resources including a primary healthcare professional and a local health facility. Either in the absence of a primary healthcare professional, or in more complex cases, a patient is frequently transferred to a larger rural- or metropolitan-based health facility, away from community and local supports. With increasing challenges in locum availability, healthcare professionals are challenged in looking out for their own wellness needs, often having to choose between taking time-off or staying on duty and available to provide ongoing care for their patients.

Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in Vigorous Lifestyle Physical Activity in Adults Aged 55-75 Years: A Scoping Review.

Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity, less than half of adults aged 55-75 years participate in sufficient physical activity. Short bouts of vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) accumulated throughout the day can contribute toward the recommended volume of physical activity. A rich characterization of the barriers and facilitators to participation in VILPA is needed to develop targeted interventions.

Context matters: using an Evidence to Decision (EtD) framework to develop and encourage uptake of opioid deprescribing guideline recommendations at the point-of-care.

Objectives: To describe the development and use of an Evidence to Decision (EtD) framework when formulating recommendations for the Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline for Deprescribing Opioid Analgesics.

Study Design And Setting: Evidence was derived from an overview of systematic reviews and qualitative studies conducted with healthcare professionals and people who take opioids for pain. A multidisciplinary guideline development group conducted extensive EtD framework review and iterative refinement to ensure that guideline recommendations captured contextual factors relevant to the guideline target setting and audience.

Scale-up of the Australian Fans in Training (Aussie-FIT) men's health behaviour change program: a protocol for a randomised controlled hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial.

Introduction: Improving physical activity (PA) and healthy eating is critical for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Behaviour change programmes delivered in sporting clubs can engage men in health behaviour change, but are rarely sustained or scaled-up post trial. Following the success of pilot studies of the Australian Fans in Training (Aussie-FIT) programme, a hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial protocol was developed.

Barriers to and Facilitators of Implementing Guidelines for Detecting Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in Australia.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a genetic condition that is a preventable cause of premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. High-level evidence and clinical practice guidelines support preventative care for people with FH. However, it is estimated that less than 10% of people at risk of FH have been detected using any approach across Australian health settings.

Implementation of interprofessional quality circles on deprescribing in Swiss nursing homes: an observational study.

Background: Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are still frequent among older adults in nursing homes. Deprescribing is an intervention that has been shown to be effective in reducing their use. However, the implementation of deprescribing in clinical practice has not yet been widely evaluated.

'A Different Ball Game': Adaptation of a men's health program for implementation in rural Australia.

Background: Men residing in rural areas are less likely to participate in weight management interventions than women, and few men-specific programs target rural areas. Aussie-Fans in Training (Aussie-FIT) is an evidence-based weight management intervention that uses professional Australian Football club affiliations and settings as a 'hook' to engage urban-residing men. The aim of this study is to report on how findings from rural stakeholder focus groups were used to inform the adaptation of Aussie-FIT for implementation in rural areas.

Clinical practice guideline for deprescribing opioid analgesics: summary of recommendations.

Introduction: Long term opioids are commonly prescribed to manage pain. Dose reduction or discontinuation (deprescribing) can be challenging, even when the potential harms of continuation outweigh the perceived benefits. The Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for deprescribing opioid analgesics was developed using robust guideline development processes and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, and contains deprescribing recommendations for adults prescribed opioids for pain.

Experiences of Frequent Users of Emergency Departments in Health Care Setting in French-Speaking Switzerland: A Qualitative Study.

Aims: Frequent users of the emergency department (FUED; five ED visits or more per year) often have negative experiences in health care settings, potentially aggravating their health problems. Scarce research has explored FUED experiences in health care in Europe, none in Switzerland. Thus, this study aimed to conduct an in-depth exploration of FUED experiences in health care settings in Switzerland.

The use of implementation science to close the research-to-treatment gap for cognitive impairment in psychosis.

For people living with psychosis, cognitive impairment is common and can have significant impacts for functional recovery, impacting engagement with treatment and quality of life more broadly. There is now strong evidence for the effectiveness of cognition-focused treatments, such as cognitive remediation to improve clinical and functional outcomes for people with psychosis. However, engagement with treatment has been a long-standing issue in mental health care, including for people with psychosis, who often experience difficulties with motivation.

Perspectives of Frequent Users of Emergency Departments on a Case Management Intervention: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Effective management of frequent users of emergency departments (FUED) remains challenging. Case management (CM) has shown to improve patient quality of life while reducing ED visits and associated costs. However, little data is available on FUED's perception of CM outside of North America to further improve CM implementation.

Building Interprofessional Collaborative Practices Through a Support Program for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care.

Introduction: The building of interprofessional collaborative practices throughout the implementation process of a patient support program (Siscare) in primary care for patients with type 2 diabetes was assessed. Siscare included regular patient-pharmacist motivational-based interviews; medication adherence, patient-reported, and clinical outcomes monitoring; and physician-pharmacist interactions.

Method: This investigation was a prospective, multicenter, observational, mixed-methods cohort study.

Where is "policy" in dissemination and implementation science? Recommendations to advance theories, models, and frameworks: EPIS as a case example.

Background: Implementation science aims to accelerate the public health impact of evidence-based interventions. However, implementation science has had too little focus on the role of health policy - and its inseparable politics, polity structures, and policymakers - in the implementation and sustainment of evidence-based healthcare. Policies can serve as determinants, implementation strategies, the evidence-based "thing" to be implemented, or another variable in the causal pathway to healthcare access, quality, and patient outcomes.

Retrospective analysis of patterns of opioid overdose and interventions delivered at a tertiary hospital emergency department: impact of COVID-19.

Background: Opioid-related overdoses cause substantial numbers of preventable deaths. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist available in take-home naloxone (THN) kits as a lifesaving measure for opioid overdose. As the emergency department (ED) is a primary point of contact for patients with high-risk opioid use, evidence-based recommendations from the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia THN practice guidelines include the provision of THN, accompanied by psychosocial interventions.

Barriers to Implementing Motivational Interviewing in Addiction Treatment: A Nominal Group Technique Process Evaluation.

Background: The successful implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in real-world settings requires an adaptive approach and ongoing process evaluation and tailoring. Although conducting a needs assessment during the preparation phase of implementation is beneficial, it is challenging to predict all barriers to EBP implementation that may arise over the course of implementation and sustainment. This article describes a process evaluation that identified emergent and persistent barriers that impacted the implementation of an EBP across multiple behavioral health organizations and clinics.

A systematic review examining socioeconomic factors in trials of interventions for men that report weight as an outcome.

Weight management interventions designed specifically for men have become more common, but the extent to which socioeconomic factors are considered in trials of these interventions is unclear. We synthesized study characteristics, methods, and reporting of interventions with a behavioral component for men that report weight as an outcome, to establish the extent to which socioeconomic factors are considered during intervention design, conduct, and reporting. A comprehensive search was conducted on Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL for studies published from January 2000 to July 2021.

Using an online nominal group technique to determine key implementation factors for COVID-19 vaccination programmes in community pharmacies.

Background One vital strategy to fight the COVID-19 pandemic is the rapid roll-out of vaccination programmes. In a number of countries pharmacists are joining the vaccination programme workforce, including plans to involve community pharmacies. Objectives (1) to determine key implementation factors for rapid roll-out of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in European community pharmacies and (2) to trial an online nominal group technique to generate ideas and reach consensus on the first aim.

Provider REport of Sustainment Scale (PRESS): development and validation of a brief measure of inner context sustainment.

Background: Implementation scientists and practitioners often rely on frontline providers for reporting on implementation outcomes. Furthermore, measures of sustainment are few, and available sustainment measures are mainly setting or evidenced-based practice (EBP) specific, require organizational and system-level knowledge to complete, and often lack psychometric rigor. The aim of this study was to develop a brief, pragmatic, and generalizable measure for completion by frontline service providers of the implementation outcome, sustainment.

Does Case Management Provide Support for Staff Facing Frequent Users of Emergency Departments? A Comparative Mixed-Method Evaluation of ED Staff Perception.

Objective: Frequent users of emergency departments (FUED) account for a disproportionate number of emergency department (ED) visits and contribute to a wide range of challenges for ED staff. While several research has documented that case management (CM) tailored to FUED leads to a reduction in ED visits and a better quality of life (QoL) among FUED, whether there is added value for ED staff remains to be explored. This study aimed to compare, among staff in two academic EDs in Switzerland (one with and one without CM), the FUED-related knowledge, perceptions of the extent of the FUED issue, FUED-related work challenges and FUEDs' legitimacy to use ED.