Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is the standard tool used to assess endothelial function. The premise behind the standard FMD test is that it serves as an endothelial-dependant nitric oxide bioassay; however, the endothelium may release additional dilatory molecules which contribute to FMD, most notably prostacyclin and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor. The relative importance of these molecules to the dilatory response may vary substantially among individuals, particularly in response to a number of diseased states.
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