Chemicals in menstrual products: A systematic review.

Background: From menarche until menopause, the average menstruator will use over 11 000 tampons or sanitary pads. Vaginal and vulvar tissue is highly permeable, and chemicals are absorbed without undergoing first-pass metabolism.

Objectives: To conduct a review of the literature to determine exposure to environmental chemicals in menstrual products.

Does aging affect the elastic properties of the bladder and the urethra in nulliparous women: An ultrasound shear-wave elastography study.

Objective: To investigate how aging and menopausal status in absence of pregnancy and childbirth affect the elasticity of the bladder and urethra.

Study Design: A single-center prospective observational study including nulliparous 10 pre- and 12 postmenopausal women. Data collection included baseline characteristics, physical examination data, questionnaire scores, PDFI and the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire, and pelvic floor sonographic measurements as well as elastography measurements.

Vaginal ultrasound-guided Pouch of Douglas robotic entry in a live ovine model and human female cadaveric specimens.

We aimed to determine whether intraoperative ultrasound is a feasible tool for visualization of the pouch of Douglas (POD) to facilitate a safe vaginal entry for direct robotic vaginal trocar insertion for pelvic floor surgery. Endovaginal ultrasound-guided needle insertion of a trocar into the POD was performed in six fresh frozen female cadavers and a live sheep animal model. Using an endovaginal probe the POD was identified as a fluid-filled space clear of bowel or adhesions, then a Veress needle was also used to confirm POD localization.

The Fresh Frozen Cadaveric Study of Direct Pouch of Douglas Laparoscopic and Robotic Trocar Insertion for Vaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery.

Study Objective: To determine the distances and angles that assure a safe entry into the pouch of Douglas (POD) during blind laparoscopic and robotic trocar entry.

Design: Trocars were inserted into the POD of 4 intact fresh frozen female pelves. Cadaveric dissection was performed, and the distance from the POD to the sacrum at rest and with maximal pressure to POD with the trocar was measured.

To screen or not to screen: ongoing debate in the early detection of prostate cancer.

Debate about the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests to screen prostate cancer in men is ongoing. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer after skin cancer in men and the second most deadly after lung cancer. An elevated PSA level can lead to this cancer's diagnosis and treatment even before the onset of symptoms.