Understanding In Vitro Tissue Culture-Induced Variation Phenomenon in Microspore System.

tissue culture plant regeneration is a complicated process that requires stressful conditions affecting the cell functioning at multiple levels, including signaling pathways, transcriptome functioning, the interaction between cellular organelles (retro-, anterograde), compounds methylation, biochemical cycles, and DNA mutations. Unfortunately, the network linking all these aspects is not well understood, and the available knowledge is not systemized. Moreover, some aspects of the phenomenon are poorly studied.

DNA methylation changes and TE activity induced in tissue cultures of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

Background: In vitro plant regeneration via androgenesis or somatic embryogenesis is capable of inducing (epi)mutations that may affect sexual progenies. While epimutations are associated with DNA methylation, mutations could be due to the movement of transposons. The common notion is that both processes are linked.

The genetic diversity of triticale genotypes involved in Polish breeding programs.

Genetic diversity analysis of triticale populations is useful for breeding programs, as it helps to select appropriate genetic material for classifying the parental lines, heterotic groups and predicting hybrid performance. In our study 232 breeding forms were analyzed using diversity arrays technology markers. Principal coordinate analysis followed by model-based Bayesian analysis of population structure revealed the presence of weak data structuring with three groups of data.

Tissue culture-induced genetic and epigenetic variation in triticale (× Triticosecale spp. Wittmack ex A. Camus 1927) regenerants.

Plant regeneration via in vitro culture can induce genetic and epigenetic variation; however, the extent of such changes in triticale is not yet understood. In the present study, metAFLP, a variation of methylation-sensitive amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, was used to investigate tissue culture-induced variation in triticale regenerants derived from four distinct genotypes using androgenesis and somatic embryogenesis. The metAFLP technique enabled identification of both sequence and DNA methylation pattern changes in a single experiment.

Extended metAFLP approach in studies of tissue culture induced variation (TCIV) in triticale.

We present the development of the theoretical background of the metAFLP approach which allows for partition of complex variation into sequence changes, de novo methylation and demethylation of the regenerants derived via in vitro tissue culture methods in the case of triticale. It was demonstrated that, independent of whether andro- or embryogenesis was used for plant regeneration, the level of sequence changes identified between regenerants is about 10 %. Moreover, DNA demethylation prevails over de novo methylation of the regenerants compared to the donor plant.